Эксперт по сдаче вступительных испытаний в ВУЗах
МОДУЛЬ 4
СТРАДАТЕЛЬНЫЙ ЗАЛОГ
Задание 1. Ознакомьтесь с теоретическим грамматическим материалом. Будьте готовы ответить на поставленные вопросы.
Passive Voice (Страдательный залог)
|
|
| to be + 3 форма смыслового глагола |
|
Страдательный залог показывает, что действие, выраженное глаголом, направлено на субъект, то есть на человека, предмет или явление.
Времена страдательного залога образуются при помощи вспомогательного глагола
to be в соответствующем времени и формы причастия прошедшего времени (3 форма смыслового глагола). При спряжении глагола в страдательном залоге изменяется только глагол
to be, смысловая часть (3 форма глагола) во всех временах остается неизменной.
She
is often
seen at the library. — Её часто видят в библиотеке.
I
was given an English journal. — Мне дали английский журнал.
He
was told the truth. — Ему сказали правду.
They
are laughed at. — Над ними смеются.
My friend
is much
spoken about. — О моем друге много говорят.
| Present Simple |
Past Simple |
Future Simple |
| I am asked
Меня спрашивают
He is asked
Его спрашивают
She is asked
Её спрашивают
We are asked
Нас спрашивают
You are asked
Тебя (вас) спрашивают
They are asked
Их спрашивают |
I was asked
Меня спросили
He was asked
Его спросили
She was asked
Её спросили
We were asked
Нас спросили
You were asked
Тебя (вас) спросили
They were asked
Их спросили |
I shall be asked
Меня спросят
He will be asked
Его спросят
She will be asked
Её спросят
We shall be asked
Нас спросят
You will be asked
Тебя (вас) спросят
They will be asked
Их спросят |
| Вопросительная форма |
| Are you asked?
Yes, I am.
No, I amn’t. |
Were you asked?
Yes’ I was.
No, I wasn’t. |
Will you be asked?
Yes, I shall.
No, I shan’t |
| Отрицательная форма |
| I am not asked. |
I was not asked. |
I shan’t be asked. |
Passive Voice. Continuous Tenses.
|
|
| to be being + 3 форма смыслового глагола |
|
| Present |
Past |
| I am being asked
Меня спрашивают сейчас
He is being asked
Его спрашивают
She is being asked
Её спрашивают
We are being asked
Нас спрашивают
You are being asked
Тебя спрашивают
They are being asked
Их спрашивают |
I was being asked
Меня спрашивали
He was being asked
Его спрашивали
She was being asked
Её спрашивали
We were being asked
Нас спрашивали
You were being asked
Тебя (вас) спрашивали
They were being asked
Их спрашивали |
Passive Voice. Perfect Tenses
|
|
| to have been + 3 форма смыслового глагола |
|
| Present |
Past |
Future |
| I have been asked
Меня спросили
He has been asked
Его спросили
She has been asked
Её спросили
We have been asked
Нас спросили
You have been asked
Тебя (вас) спросили
They have been asked
Их спросили |
I had been asked
Меня спросили
He had been asked
Его спросили
She had been asked
Её спросили
We had been asked
Нас спросили
You had been asked
Тебя (вас) спросили
They had been asked
Их спросили |
I shall have been asked
Меня спросят
He will have been asked
Его спросят
She will have been asked
Её спросят
We shall have been asked
Нас спросят
You will have been asked
Тебя (вас) спросят
They will have been asked
Их спросят |
Вопросы для контроля знания грамматического материала:
- Как образуется страдательный залог в английском языке?
- В каких случаях употребляется страдательный залог?
- Назовите особенности образования сказуемых в Continuous Passive.
- Как образуются сказуемые группы времен Perfect в страдательном залоге?
Практическая часть модуля 4
Задание 2. Translate the sentences into Russian. Define the predicate. Use them in Past Tense.
- Modern chemistry is connected with other sciences.
- The name of the greatest Russian scientist D.I. Mendeleyev is known all over the world.
- The academic year is divided into two terms.
- Many drugs, mixtures, tinctures, decoctions, pills and others are prepared at the pharmacy.
- Much attention is paid to the problem of training specialists in pharmacy.
- Our chemical laboratory is equipped rather well: microscopes, burners, thermometers.
- The vitamins are widely distributed in nature.
Задание 3. Compare the sentences in the left and the right columns. Read the sentences below and translate them. Change them according to the model.
| Continuous Active |
Continuous Passive |
| He is taking this medicine the whole
month. |
This medicine is being taken the whole
month. |
| These students are obtaining pure
hydrogen. |
Pure hydrogen is being obtained by
these students. |
- A pharmacist is mixing substances in the test-tube. 2. A chemist is observing a reaction now. 3. The students are taking examination in chemistry at that time. 4. We are studying the properties of carbon now. 5. The lab assistant is doing the laboratory work at that time. 6. I am studying English now. 7. They are looking for this word in the dictionary.
Задание 4. Translate the sentences into Russian. Define the predicate.
- The nurse is dressing his hand now.
- The hospital is being built not far from my house.
- I was administered penicillin injections.
- Usually she has a good appetite.
- They will have completed a research work by that time.
- The doctor has just performed an operation.
- Blood counts had been made by 7 o’clock.
- She consulted the dentist 2 days ago.
- Vitamin D is added to baby’s milk.
- The academic year will begin in September.
- The sick boy has been given antibiotic today.
- The doctor was listening to his heart when I came.
- He will be admitted to the hospital in a day.
- His article was being discussed at the conference at 10 o’clock yesterday.
- The nurses take temperature twice a day.
- The condition of the patient has changed for the worse today.
- I shall get up at 6 o’clock tomorrow.
- My mother has worked at the pharmacy for 12 years.
- Many cases of cancer are being treated now.
- The experiment will be made tomorrow.
- My mother complained of a severe pain in her chest.
- The students are taking an exam now.
- These data were being collected from various sources.
- He has finished his experiments by 5 o’clock on Friday.
- This medicine had been prescribed to me when my pressure increased.
Задание 5. Read and translate the text.
HERBS
Medicinal plants and herbs contain substances known to modern and ancient civilizations for their healing properties. Until the development of Chemistry and, particularly, of the synthesis of organic compounds in the 19th century, medicinal plants and herbs were the sole source of active principles capable of curing man’s ailments. They continue to be important to people that do not have access to modern medicines and, moreover, modern Pharmaceuticals rely heavily on the same active principles, be they natural or synthetic. The active principles differ from plant to plant due to their biodiversity, i.e. to the plant’s genetic coding ability to produce them.
With thousands of active principles yet to be discovered or fully evaluated, it is no wonder that biodiversity is a fundamental topic on any nature preservation agenda. The genetic material of old and new herbs and plants are coveted for their potential in discovering, combining, manipulating and synthesizing new medicine. Thus, even if people are not aware of the pharmaceutical industry does not stress the point, medicinal plants and herbs continue to be the source of proven medicaments and of new and revolutionary drugs. If the active principles of synthetic drugs are so important and can be found in many plants and herbs, cheaply and easily bought at your home market or Herbalist, why not use them? If taken in the appropriate dose and form, they can be as effective as pharmaceutical drugs.
Ask 10 questions to the text.
Complete the following sentences:
- Medicinal plants and herbs contain….
- Medicinal plants and herbs were…
- Modern Pharmaceuticals rely…
- The active principles differ…
- It is no wonder that…
- The genetic material of old and new herbs and plants…
- If the active principles of synthetic drugs…
Progress check
Passive Voice
- I. Выпишите номера сказуемых в страдательном залоге.
- were sleeping 9. is being treated
- has been finished 10. am doing
- are read 11. was told
- have written 12. will be asked
- is translating 13. has been seen
- is being changed 14. have performed
- has seen 15. will be sent
- am told 16. were sleeping
- Укажите какое предложение соответствует данному.
- I shall be operated on in two days.
- Я буду оперировать через два дня.
- Меня будут оперировать через два дня.
- Меня прооперировали через два дня.
- She was told a very interesting story.
- Мне рассказали очень интересную историю.
- Я рассказал очень интересную историю.
- Мне расскажут очень интересную историю.
- Меня часто спрашивают на уроках.
- I am often asked at the lesson.
- I was often asked at the lesson.
- I often asked at the lesson.
- За врачом послали соседа.
- The doctor sent for the neighbor.
- The doctor was sent for by the neighbor.
- The neighbor was sent for by the doctor.
- I shall be assisted by the student.
- Я буду ассистировать студентам.
- Мне будут ассистировать студенты.
- Мне ассистируют студенты.
- The attack of pain was followed by a violent vomiting.
а) Приступ следовал за сильной рвотой.
- b) За приступом следовала сильная рвота.
- c) За приступом следует сильная рвота.
- Ему сделают укол.
- He will make an injection.
- He will be made an injection.
- He was made an injection.
- Нам не ответили.
- We were not answered.
- We didn’t answer.
- We are not answered.
III.
Выберите нужную форму сказуемого.
- He … by the professor now.
- a) is examined b) was examined c) is being examined
- 2. English texts … at every lesson.
- a) have been translated b) are translated c) was translated
- This book … already.
- a) was read b) is being read c) has been read
- The nature … by the scientists now.
- a) was studied b) is being studied c) is studied
- These letters … through tomorrow.
- a) will be looked b) will look c) were looked
- Many new houses … in our town every year.
- a) are built b) build c) are being built
Active and Passive Voice
Укажите номер соответствующего варианта сказуемого.
| 1. The nurse … injections now. |
1. is making
2. makes
3. was making
4. is made |
| 2. This boy … on recently. |
1. operated
2. had been operated
3. was operated
4. has been operated |
| 3. This book … by 6 o’clock tomorrow. |
1. will be finished
2. is finished
3. will have been finished
4. shall be finished |
| 4. My brother … books every day. |
1. were read
2. reads
3. has read
4. is reading |
| 5. She … already this article. You may read it.
|
1. had translated
2. has translated
3. was translated
4. translated |
| 6. I … the whole day tomorrow. |
1. shall work
2. am worked
3. shall be working
4. was working |
| 7. He … from the hospital yesterday. |
1. was discharged
2. had discharged
3. discharged
4. were discharged |
| 8. The students … a test at 10 o’clock yesterday. |
1. wrote
2. were written
3. were writing
4. have been written |
| 9. This patient … tablets 3 times a day. |
1. is taking
2. takes
3. has taken
4. is taken |
| 10. He … on by that time. |
1. operated
2. had been operated
3. was operated
4. has been operated |
| 11. My friend … the Academy next year. |
1. will be entered
2. enters
3. will have entered
4. will enter |
| 12. This newspaper … in many countries. |
1. is read
2. reads
3. has been read
4. is reading |
| 13. He … a doctor some days ago.
|
1. had consulted
2. consulted
3. was consulted
4. was consulting |
| 14. The patient … now. |
1. is examined
2. examines
3. is being examined
4. has been examined |
| 15. The analyses … by 7 o’clock yesterday. |
1. were made
2. had made
3. were making
4. had been made |
| 16. The patient … by the end of the week. |
1. will have recovered
2. recovered
3. will recover
4. will be recovering |
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