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  1. Match the words with the definitions.
  2. authority                       a)   help, especially money or resources that are                                               given to people, countries, etc. when they have                                                     experienced a difficult situation
 
  1. function                        b) an organization that officially manages and                                                      controls a country or region, creating laws,                                                      collecting taxes, providing public services,
 
  1. assistance                     c)  the official power to make decisions for                                                other people or to tell them what they must do
 
  1. local                              d) a city or town with its own local government, or                                               the local government itself
 
  1. government                 e) a political division of the UK or Ireland, forming                                               the largest unit of local government, or the largest                                                      political division of a state in the US
 
  1. mayor                           f) a person who has the legal right to live in a                                                particular country that they were not born in
 
  1. municipality                g) a person who is elected or chosen to lead the
                                                      group who governs a town or city  
  1. county                         h)   from or connected with a particular area
 
  1. resident                       i)  the natural purpose (of something) or the duty
(of a person)          
  1. Complete each sentence with a word from the box.
  2. a) local b) authority    c) government   d) function    e) mayor
  3. f) assistance g) municipality      h) residents   i)  counties
  4. We need a…….. who is tough enough to clean up this town.
  5. The company needs more financial ……….from the government.
  6. I’m not quite sure what my ………. is within the company.
  7. A recent survey found that almost a third of the population is unhappy with ……….authority services.
  1. He did not have enough ……. within the company to make the decision.
  2. The federal ………. has the authority to regulate phone service   provided over     the internet.
  3. Under the new plan, ……… would be given the authority to raise sales tax levels.
  4. The city’s housing authority provides assisted housing for more than 130,000
……… .
  1. The …….. provides services such as water and rubbish collection.
 
    1      2      3     4      5      6      7     8       9
 
  • Match the words with the definitions.
    1.              Collaboration  between the various levels of government has made   2.              The Senator has worked in public service   3.              The government have promised 4.              The government will pay for the new schools 5.              They commented on the poor state 6.              The economic union of the European countries has resulted in 7.              Some economists are predicting that public finances will return 8.              The index for capital goods production is a key indicator         a)              that they’ll reduce taxes. b)              of the company’s finances. c)              by increasing the tax on luxury goods. d)              greater prosperity for the region. e)              to a healthy state within five years. f)               everything much easier. g)              of the state of the economy. h)              all his life.      
   
  1. a) КОПР № 1
  2. b) Complete each sentence with a verb in the correct form, — ing or to…
  3. After hours of negotiating, we managed ……..an agreement.
  4. a) reaching                     b) to  reach
  5. He gave up ………at University after he got the job.
  6. a) studying b) to study
  7. He isn’t very good at …….in a team.
  8. a) working b) to work
  9. I have decided ……..from my work.
  10. a) resigning b) to resign
  11. They must increase the salary ……. the right applicants.
  12. a) to attract b) attracting
  13. We should  finish……… the software  before giving it to users.
  14. a) to test                   b)  testing
1 2 3 4 5 6
 
  1. a) КОПР № 5
  2. b) Choose the correct option a-c to complete  the sentences.  I ……….hard, so I felt very tired.
  3. a) had worked b) have worked            c) had been working
 
  1. ……..five letters to the manager by the time he finally received an answer.
    1. has written b) wrote                       c) had written
 
  1. I …….. twenty emails so far today.
    1. wrote b) have written             c) had written
 
  1. The company is huge. It…….. a thousand new jobs since the beginning of last
    1. created b) has created              c) had created
 
  1. This strategy seems to be good. Sales of our products……… for some time.
    1. have increased b) have been increasing     c) had been increasing
 
  1. …….at a company for seven years before he started his own business.
    1. was working b) has been working        c) had been working
 
1 2 3 4 5 6
 
  1. a) КОПР № 6
  2. b) Rewrite the sentences in the passive.
    1. We arranged a meeting. A meeting ……… by us.
      1. is arranged b) was arranged
 
  1. Our boss will sign the contract.
The contract ………by our boss.
  1. will sign b)  will be signed
  1. Sales were rising fast when our sales manager left the company.
Sales were rising fast when  the company…….. by our sales manager.
  1. was left b)  left
  1. The new manager has made some changes. Some changes ……… by the new manager.                  a) were made              b) have been made
 
  1. When I came, they were signing the contract. When  I came, the contract ………
    1. was being signed b) was signed
 
1 2 3 4 5
 
  • Underline the correct form to make conditional sentences.
  1. If the plan succeeds / will succeed, you will make a big profit.
  2. If we had / would have more employees, we  would work more  
  3. If you spoke to your boss, I’m sure he would understand / will understand.
  4. I would help the poor if I  would become / became a millionaire.
     VIII. Read and translate the text. Write down your translation of the third      paragraph.                          The Millennium Development Goals
  1. In an interrelated global society, governments must take on new roles in creating and sustaining viable economies, reducing poverty, and raising standards of living. These roles and functions can all contribute to achieving the equitable, sustainable, and participative economic and social development reflected in the United Nations’ Millennium Development Goals and in other international declarations of human aspirations. The United Nations Millennium Declaration calls for states and international organizations to promote freedom, equality, solidarity, tolerance, respect for nature, and shared responsibility in working towards these goals.
  2. Although governments have a crucial role in achieving sustainable human development and reducing poverty, they cannot achieve these goals alone. Effective governance in a global society implies cooperation or partnerships in which national governments work collaboratively with lower levels of public administration, the private sector, organizations of civil society, other states, and international organizations through democratic, transparent, and participative processes.
  3. In the 21st century, there are important roles through which governments can contribute to achieving sustainable economic and social development. The most crucial of these roles is developing institutional capacity because this creates the context and the foundation for all of the others. Without strong institutions neither government nor the private sector can stimulate economic growth or social progress. A second important role is enacting and implementing policies that create an enabling environment for effective participation in a globalizing economy.
    
  1. Read the  text again  and  answer the questions:
 
  1. What does the United Nations Millennium Declaration call for ?
  2. What is effective governance in a global society?
  3. What are important roles through which governments can contribute to achieving sustainable economic and social development?
                                             Variant № 2 
  1. Match the words with the definitions.
  2. taxation a) the condition of being extremely poor   
                           
  • . product b) the process of producing commodities (= oil,                                                        metals, crops,)
      5.production                                 e) a high government official who is in charge                                                        of or has an important position in a particular                                                        department  
  1. local f) something that is available for sale
 
  1. minister g) a city or town with its own local government,                                                         or the local government itself
8 . cash                                          h) the system of collecting taxes                            
  1. municipality i) ) an organization that officially manages and                        controls a country or region, creating laws,                                                        collecting taxes, providing public services, etc.
 
    1      2      3     4      5      6      7     8       9
 
  1. Complete each sentence with a word from the box.
 
  1. a) taxation b) product    c) poverty      d) government
  2. e) production f) local      g) minister     h) cash    i) municipality
   
  1. Huge numbers of people in today’s industrial societies live in relative …….
  2. …….is one of the main sources of revenue for governments.
  3. How do you pay for things you buy: ………,  by cheque  or  credit card?
  4. If we don’t get another order soon , we’ll have to cut ……..and maybe  close a factory.
  5. One way to inform people about your……..is to advertise it on TV.
  6. This is a hugely serious problem at the ……… level, and we need to do something about it.
7 . The ……… is  expected to announce its/their tax proposals today.
  1. …….. has announced that there will be no change in government policy.
  2. The …….. provides services such as water and rubbish collection.
 
    1      2      3     4      5      6      7     8       9
 
  • Match ( 1-8) with ( a-h) to make sentences.
    1.              The government was determined to reduce the number 2.              The federal  government has the authority to regulate phone service   3.              The government have promised 4.              The minister revealed that the banking industry needed assistance   5.              The two governments have signed 6.              The mayor announced a reorganization 7.              Some government agencies have worked well together 8.              The Chinese government has implemented         a)      that they’ll reduce taxes. b)      an agreement. c)      to combat terrorist financing. d)      from the taxpayer to survive. e)      of the police department. f)       economic reforms. g)      of  state-owned industries. h)      provided over  the internet.        
  a) КОПР № 1 
  1. b) Complete each sentence with a verb in the correct form, — ing or to…
 
  1. She joined the project mainly because she was interested in ………money.
    1. to make b) making
 
  1. He gave up ………at University after he got the job.
    1. studying b) to study
 
  1. Julia is interested ……. her own business.
    1. starting b) to start
  2. I have decided ……..from my work.
    1. resigning b) to resign
 
  1. They must increase the salary ……. the right applicants.
    1. to attract b) attracting
  2. We should …….. the software  before giving it to users.
    1. testing b) to test
  
  1. а) КОПР № 5
  2. b) Choose the correct option a-c to complete  the sentences.
 
  1. General Motors……..the world’s biggest car company for nearly 40 years.
    1. was b) has been                 c) is
  2. I …………..to a trade fair until I went to the one in Las Vegas last month.
    1. had never been b) never been              c) have never been
 
  1. We …….on this project for a month before we found a  fundamental flaw.
    1. have been working b) had worked           c) had been working
 
  1. He was dismissed even though, in his opinion, he ……anything wrong.
    1. had done       b) hadn’t done             c) hasn’t done
 
  1. By the time I’m 50, I………a million dollars.
  2. a) will make b) would make             c) will have made
 
  1. The price of petrol ……. since last April.
    1. has gone down               b) went down           c) had gone down
 
1 2 3 4 5 6
 
  1. a) КОПР №6
  2. b) Rewrite the sentences in the passive.
 
  1. I confirm  the       The reservation ………by me.
  2. a) is confirmed b) confirms
 
  1. You can cancel the contract within five business days. The contract………. within five business days.      a) can cancelled                b) can be cancelled
 
  1. The president gave John an award. John …….an award by the president.
  2. a) was given b) is given
 
  1. The employees are improving the situation. The situation ………by the employees.
  2. a) is improving b) is being improved
 
  1. The committee will not announce the decision until next week.
The decision……… by the committee until next week.           a) will not be announced     b) will not announce  
1 2 3 4 5
 
  • Underline the correct form to make conditional sentences.
    1. I won’t be able to finish the report  if  you don’t  /  won’t  help me.
    2. If I were / would  be  better  qualified, I would apply for the job.
    3. If he gets / will get my email, he will send the information we need.
    4. If sales don’t improve / won’t improve soon we will have to lay off some
 
  • Read and translate the text. Write down your translation of the first

 The Government Reinvention Movement

  1. Many political leaders and government officials know that doing things the “old way” no longer meets the demands of a more complex and interconnected international economy or the expectations of a more globally-linked and politically aware citizenry. Globalization has brought stronger competition among businesses and pressures on governments to create economic, political and social conditions within which the private sector can compete more effectively and in which people can develop their human resources to benefit from participation in productive activities.
  2. Over the past quarter of a century international organizations and progressive political leaders have called for government reinvention. Even the most ardent critics of big government now recognize that the State will continue to be an important political institution that can for good or ill influence the welfare of millions of people. The challenge for political and administrative leaders in all countries is to redefine the roles of government and to build the capacity of public and private institutions to play beneficial roles in helping citizens to cope with the uncertainties, and benefit from the opportunities, of globalization.
  3. The need to improve governance and public administration and to enhance the State’s capacity to carry out new functions and roles is now widely recognized. The United Nations Millennium Declaration calls for respect for human rights and the promotion of democracy and good governance (including efficient and effective public administration). Good governance is a necessary condition for the achievement of each of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) – eradicating extreme poverty and hunger; achieving universal primary education and promoting global partnership for development.
 
  1. Read the  text again  and  answer the questions:
 
  1. What do   the most ardent critics of  big government  come to recognize? 
  2. What is the challenge for political and administrative leaders in all countries ?
  3. What does the United Nations Millennium Declaration call for?                    
                                        Variant № 3  
  1. Match the words with the definitions.
    1. state a) a place where you can buy goods or  services
 
  1. service b) a reduction in the amount or level of                                                  something
  2. shop c) a country with its own government
 
  1. local d) a general, continuous increase in prices
  2. investment e) a system or organization that provides                                                  something important that the public needs
 
  1. official f) a question or request for information about                                                 someone or something
  2. cut                                  g)  relating to a position of responsibility
 
  1. inflation h) the act of putting money, effort, time,                                                    into something to make a profit
  2. enquiry i) from or connected with a particular area
 
    1      2      3     4      5      6      7     8       9
 
  1. Complete each sentence with a word from the box.
   
  1. a) state b) services      c) shops      d) local    e)investment
  2. f) officials     g) cuts          h) inflation      i) enquiry
   
  1. Many local ……..will be forced to close if the new supermarket is built.
  2. Senior government………will be attending a meeting tomorrow.
  3. Theatre companies are very concerned about ……..in government grants to the arts.
  4. A government ………..has been launched.
  5. Most governments aim to have steady economic growth, to control……..and to avoid recessions.
  6. ………….in technology can make industry more efficient.
  7. What this ………needs is really strong
  8. Councils can no longer fund all the……..for which they are responsible.   This is a hugely serious problem at the ……… level, and we need to do       something about it.
      
    1      2      3     4      5      6      7     8       9
                  
  • Match ( 1-8) with ( a-h) to make sentences.
    1.              The Chinese government has implemented 2.              The Senator has worked in public service   3.              The government have promised 4.              The government will pay for the new schools 5.              They commented on the poor state 6.              The economic union of the European countries has resulted in 7.              Some economists are predicting that public finances will return 8.              The index for capital goods production is a key indicator         a)              that they’ll reduce taxes. b)              of the company’s finances. c)              by increasing the tax on luxury goods. d)              greater prosperity for the region. e)              to a healthy state within five years. f)               economic reforms. g)              of the state of the economy. h)              all his life.      
 
  1. a) КОПР № 1
  2. b) Complete each sentence with a verb in the correct form, — ing or to…
 
  1. We should…….. the software before giving it to users.
    1. testing b)  test
  2. I really enjoy………new skills.
    1. to learn b) learning
  3. We failed ………the source of the problem, and things kept getting worse.
    1. to recognize b) recognizing
 
  1. We suggest………the manufacturer directly.
    1. to contact b)  contacting
 
  1. Julia is interested ……. her own business.
    1. starting b) to start
  2. They must increase the salary ……. the right applicants.
    1. to attract b) attracting
 
1 2 3 4 5 6
 
  1. a) КОПР № 5
  2. b) Choose the correct option a-c to complete  the sentences.
  1. General Motors……..the world’s biggest car company for nearly 40 years.
    1. was b) has been                 c) is
  2. I …………..to a trade fair until I went to the one in Las Vegas last month.
    1. had never been b) never been             c) have never been
 
  1. He was dismissed even though, in his opinion, he ……anything wrong.
    1. had done b) hadn’t done             c) hasn’t done
   
  1. By the time I’m 50, I………a million dollars.
  2. a) will make b) would make               c) will have made
 
  1. The price of petrol ……. down since last April.
    1. has gone b) has been going          c) had gone
 
  1. By the end of the month I ………this project.
  2. a) will finish              b) will have finished       c) will be finishing
 
1 2 3 4 5 6
 
  1. a) КОПР №6
  2. b) Rewrite the sentences in the passive.
 
  1. They execute all orders carefully. All orders …….. carefully.
    1. were executed b) are executed
 
  1. They didn’t leave  the restaurant until they had  paid the bill.
They didn’t leave the restaurant until the bill ………       a) had been paid                 b) was paid  
  1. Henry Ford invented the assembly line. The assembly line …….by Henry Ford.
    1. is invented b) was invented
 
  1. They have just adopted the annual budget. The annual budget……..by them.
    1. was just adopted b) has  just been adopted
 
  1. The company is changing its organizational structure now.       The organizational structure of our company …….now.       a) is changed                        b) is being changed
 
1 2 3 4 5
  VII. Underline the correct  form to make conditional sentences.
  1. If he will get / gets my email, he will send the information we need.
  2. I would give some money to charities, if I  would be / were
  3. If sales don’t improve / won’t improve soon we will have to lay off some workers.
  4. If you spoke to your boss, I’m sure he would understand / will understand.
   
  • Read and translate the text. Write down your translation of the third
                              What is Good Governance?
  1. In order to achieve socially equitable economic growth, especially in the poorest developing countries, the government must focus on pro-poor policies that combat poverty and enhance the people to participate more effectively in productive activities.  Government has a crucial role in strengthening the capacity of public administration to promote socially equitable economic growth, enable participation in the global economy and combat poverty.
  2. The United Nations has taken a leading role in reconceptualizing governance. In the UN’s paradigm, governance is defined as “the exercise of political, economic and administrative authority to manage a nation’s affairs. It is the complex mechanisms, processes, relationships and institutions through which citizens and groups exercise their rights and obligations and mediate their differences.” In this framework, the State is only one of the institutions through which authority is exercised. The private sector and civil society organizations play important roles in helping citizens articulate their interests and exercise their rights.
  3. As the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) has defined good governance, its characteristics include widespread participation by all citizens, transparency in the actions of governance institutions, responsiveness to the needs and desires of citizens, effectiveness and efficiency in the use of public resources and the exercise of strategic vision in planning for development.
Underlying the United Nations’ conception of good governance is the need for governments to reinvent themselves in order to conform to the basic characteristics of good governance and to enhance their capacity to work effectively with other governance institutions in the private sector and civil society organization.  
  1. Read the text again  and  answer the questions:
 
  1. What must governments focus on to achieve socially equitable economic growth, especially in the poorest developing countries?  
  2. How is governance  defined  in the UN’s paradigm ?    
  3. What do good governance characteristics include ?                            
                                                                                 Variant № 4 
  1. Match the words with the definitions.
  2. revenue a) a person who is a member of a state or country,                                                   and has legal rights there
 
  1. economy b) someone in a high position, especially in                                                    business, who make   decisions and puts them into                                                    action
  2. citizen c) the money given by the government to people                                                  who need financial help, for example because they                                                  cannot find a job
 
  1. power d) the system of trade and industry by which the                                                   wealth of a country is made and used
 
  1. government e) a person who is elected or chosen to lead the                                                   group who governs a town or city
 
  1. executive f) the general state of health or degree of success of                                                   a person,  business, country, etc.
 
  1. benefit g) an organization that officially manages and                                                   controls a country or region, creating laws,                                                    collecting taxes, providing public services,
 
  1. welfare h) the income that a government or company
receives regularly
  1. major i) ability to control people and events
 
    1      2      3     4      5      6      7     8       9
                 
  1. Complete  each sentence with a word from the box.
 
  1. a) revenue b) economy       c) citizens        d)  power
  2. e) government f) executive    g) benefits       h)welfare     i)mayor
  3. …….. can obtain information about all their state and local government agencies and operations on- line.
  4. It is important to note that the role of the municipal ……… has grown greatly in the present century.
  5. An administrator should be neutral in politics and serve faithfully any     political party which comes in ……..
  6. Modern democracy has brought in the concept of a ……..state.
  7. We need a…….. who is tough enough to clean up this town.
  8. ……..has done little or nothing to help the poorest people in this country.
  9. The government is in the process of reforming the ………system.
  10. Taxes provide most of the government’s ………
  11. The property and construction industries are no longer as dominant in the …….. as they used to be.
 
    1      2      3     4      5      6      7     8       9
                  
  • Match the words with the definitions.
  1.               The control of inflation is a key component   2.               The government wanted an inflow of   3.               The government has pledged to reduce the amount of chemicals   4.               The government will pay for the new schools 5.               They commented on the poor state 6.               Last year, the UK insurance industry paid out nearly £188 million every day 7.               A group of business executives and local politicians met the Italian trade minister 8.               Britain has one of the highest rates of       a)              used in food production.   b)              of the company’s finances. c)              by increasing the tax on luxury goods. d)              in pension and life insurance benefits. e)              to discuss the issue. f)               of the government’s economic policy. g)              personal taxation in the world. h)              foreign investment.        
   
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
 
  1. a) КОПР № 1
  2. b) Complete each sentence with a verb in the correct form, — ing or to…
    1. She joined the project mainly because she was interested in ………money.
    2. a) to  make                          b) making
 
  1. He gave up ………at University after he got the job.
  2. a) studying b) to study
 
  1. Julia is interested ……. her own business.
  2. a) starting b) to start
  3. I have decided ……..from my work.
  4. a) resigning b) to resign
 
  1. They must increase the salary ……. the right applicants.
  2. a) to attract b) attracting
  3. We should …….. the software  before giving it to users.
  4. a) testing b) to test
   
1 2 3 4 5 6
 
  1. a) КОПР №5
  2. b) Choose the correct option a-c to complete  the sentences.
    1. The company ……..in car sales for many years.
    2. a) has been dealing          b)  was dealing         c)  is dealing
 
  1. Prices …….. in the food business because of advances in distribution
  2. a) fell                                 b) have fallen                     c) fall
 
  1. I ……..the approval of three committee members before Bob signed off on the
  2. a) had already  gotten         b) did already get    c) have already gotten
 
  1. ………. us the new price list of your products yet? We need it as soon as
possible.
  1. a) did you send b) have you sent       c) had you sent
 
  1. I ……….. the report when my boss asked for it.
    1. didn’t finished        b)  haven’t finished   c) hadn’t finished
 
  1. How long …….in sales?
    1. are you working b) have you been working      c) were you working
 
1 2 3 4 5 6
 
  1. a) КОПР №6
  2. b) Rewrite the sentences in the passive.
    1. They sell the gold on international markets. The gold……..on international markets.               a) is sold                                b) sells
    2. I have invested my money  in real                My money …….. in real estate.
    3. a) has been invested b) has invested
 
  1. The employees are improving the situation. The situation ………by the employees.
    1. is improving b) is being improved
 
  1. Henry Ford invented the assembly line. The assembly line …….by Henry Ford.
    1. is invented b) was invented
 
  1. You can find the order form on the last page of the catalogue.
The order form……. on the last page of the catalogue.             a) can be found                     b) can found  
1 2 3 4 5
 
  • Underline the correct words.
  1. If the market becomes / will become too saturated , demand may drop off.
  2. We wouldn’t have any money, if we didn’t work / wouldn’t work
  3. He will be able to pay all his bills if he will find / finds a good job.
  4. I won’t be able to finish the report  if  you don’t  help /  won’t  help me.
  VIII. Read and translate the text. Write down your translation of the first      paragraph.

Improving Government Service to Citizens through Public Innovation

  1. If governments must reinvent themselves in order to satisfy citizens’ demands and meet the challenges of globalization through innovation, what do these concepts mean and how are they applied in public administration? Innovations introduce new ideas or ways of doing things that strongly depart from convention or that require new or unfamiliar forms of behavior and interaction. Few innovations in government are pure invention; they are more often discoveries combining ideas that have been tried elsewhere, recast to meet new circumstances. Changes bringing about higher quality services or improvements in government agency performance are one form of innovation.
  2. Where do innovations in government come from? Most often, innovations are motivated by dissatisfaction with existing conditions or conventions. They are sometimes demanded by groups outside of government – special interest groups, political parties, organized groups of citizens, or international organizations . Often, innovations result from performance gaps – that is, from disjunctions between public expectations and institutional performance. The recognition that conventional policies or programmes are no longer achieving their objectives can inspire innovative changes.
  3. Other innovations are advocated by political or non-governmental leaders with “strategic notions.” Strategic notions are strongly held beliefs by influential people about how situations can be improved through drastic changes in policy. Innovations sometimes emerge from the strategic vision of political leaders and set a whole new direction and agenda for government. Changes in external economic, political, social, or technological conditions often generate ideas that become innovations. Crises, emergencies or threats to the survival of a government or other important social or economic institution sometimes force leaders to seek new ways of dealing with problems or opportunities.
 
  1. Read the text again  and  answer the questions:
  2. What do innovations introduce?
  3. Who are  innovations sometimes demanded by?
  4. What makes   leaders    seek new ways of dealing with problems or opportunities?
                                                         Variant № 5  
  1. Match the words with the definitions.
  2. spending a) relating to the whole world
 
  1. government b) a law or set of laws suggested by a government                                                   and made official by a parliament
 
  1. power c) the act of putting money or effort into something                                                   to make a profit or achieve a result
 
  1. global d) a reduction in the number, amount, or rate of                                                   something
  2. legislation   e) the ability to control or influence people,                                                    organizations, events
 
  1. public f) an organization that officially manages and                                                   controls a country or region, creating laws,                                                    collecting taxes, providing public services,
 
  1. health g) relating to or involving people in general, rather                                                   than being limited to a particular group of people
 
  1. investment h) the money that is used for a particular purpose,                                                    especially by a government or organization
 
  1. cut                                  i) the condition of someone’s body or mind, or                                                    the  state of  being well
    1      2      3     4      5      6      7     8       9
                  
  1. Complete each sentence with a word from the box.
 
  1. a) spending b) government        c) power       d)  global
  2. e) legislation f) public    g) health    h)  investment   i) cuts
  3. Political leaders expressed concern at the effect of increasing oil prices on the
………economy.
  1. The company needs more financial ……….from the government.
  2. New ……..has boosted the rural economy as well as supporting local communities.
  3. An administrator should be neutral in politics and serve faithfully any      political party which comes in …….
  4. Theatre companies are very concerned about ……….in government grants to the arts.
  5. The …………has done little or nothing to help the poorest people in this country. Increases in public ……….will need to be supported by reforms if they are to      deliver radically better public services.
  6. The prime minister wants to stop Italy’s huge public debt growing, and to make  its ……….services more efficient.
  7. Social problems in the country include poor access to drugs and affordable
…………services.                   
  • Match the words with the definitions.
  1.              They welcomed the government’s commitment to extra spending on   2.              In Europe health care, education or sponsorship of the arts, have largely been financed through   3.              The government has promised to introduce legislation   4.              The government’s overriding concern is 5.              They commented on the poor state    6.              Managing the economy is a complex equation of   7.              Some economists are predicting that public finances will return     a)              to limit fuel emissions from cars. b)              of the company’s finances. c)              to reduce inflation. d)              controlling inflation and reducing unemployment. e)              to a healthy state within five years. f)               health and education. g)              and we need to do something about   it. h)              higher rates of taxation.  
  8. This is a hugely serious problem at the local level,  
   
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
 
  1. a) КОПР № 1
  2. b) Complete each sentence with a verb in the correct form, — ing or to…
  3. We failed …….. the source of the problem, and things kept getting worse.
    1. to recognize b) recognizing
 
  1. They recommend ………insurance with the product.
    1. purchasing b) to purchase
 
  1. He managed ……..the job on time.
    1. finishing                b) to finish
  2. Claudia hopes .………her own office one day.
    1. to have b) having
 
  1. I don’t mind ……..my coworkers with their assignments.
    1. to help b) helping
  2. After hours of negotiating, we managed …….. an agreement.
    1. reaching b) to reach
   
1 2 3 4 5 6
 
  1. a) КОПР №5
  2. b) Choose the correct option a-c to complete  the sentences.
 
  1. We ……… any final decisions yet.
    1. didn’t make                 b) have made              c) haven’t made
 
  1. General Motors……..the world’s biggest car company for nearly 40 years.
    1. has been b) was                         c) is
  2. The price of petrol ……down by about 1%.
    1. had gone b) has gone                       c) has been gone
 
  1. The company ……..in car sales for many years.
    1. has been dealing b)  was dealing            c)  is dealing
 
  1. By the end of  the month I ………this project.
  2. a) will finish              b) will have finished         c) finish
 
  1. We ……… any final decisions yet.
    1. didn’t make              b) haven’t made                  c) have made
 
  1. a) КОПР №6
  2. b) Rewrite the sentences in the passive.
    1. Sales representatives from all the regions attended the meeting. The meeting……. by sales representatives from all the regions.          a) is attended                                   b) was attended
    2. I have invested my money  in real             My money …….. in real estate.
      1. has been invested b) has invested
 
  1. We will deliver the goods immediately.          The goods …….immediately.
    1. will be delivered b) will delivered
 
  1. You told us there would be a bigger discount. We ……….there would be a bigger discount.
    1. were told b) are told
  2. She didn’t sign the contract.
The contract ………by her.
  1. isn’t signed b) wasn’t signed
1 2 3 4 5
 
  • Underline the correct words.
    1. If sales don’t improve / won’t improve soon we will have to lay off some
    2. I would help / will help the poor  if  I became a millionaire.
    3. If the report isn’t / won’t be on my desk by tomorrow you will be in big
    4. If you spoke to your boss, I’m sure he would understand / will understand.
 
  • Read and translate the text. Write down your translation of the second
                             Government  in the United States   1.Government in the United States includes not only the federal government in Washington, D.C., but also the governments of  the 50 American states and the 30,000 governments in cities and other local communities (to say nothing of the governments of the 3,043 counties and nearly 50,000 school and other special districts).  Given this vast number of governments—over 87,000 in total—it is not surprising that they are characterized more by their differences than by their similarities.
  1. Under the U. S. Constitution, the states are free to write their own constitutions. In recent years, the states have used this constitutional authority  to modernize their legislative, executive and judicial institutions. The  modernization  has brought about changes not only in the way in which public services are delivered, but in the very ways that these governments operate. They have become much more representative of the communities they serve, more transparent in their deliberations, more responsive to their constituencies and more accessible to ordinary citizens.
  2. For example, most state and local governments operate under “sunshine laws,” which require that meetings of public officials be open to the press and the public. Many governments also operate under “sunset laws,” which means that once a law or regulation expires, public meetings must be held before the law or regulation is renewed. Most states have enacted laws regulating campaign finance, requiring candidates to report the amount and source of their campaign contributions. In some states, these reports are available on-line and can be accessed by the press and by ordinary citizens. Arizona goes so far as to allow its citizens to vote in primary elections via their computers. “E-government,” as it is called, is just beginning, and the states and their communities are at the forefront in enabling their citizens access to it.
 
  1. Read the text again  and  answer the questions:
 
  1. What is the number of governments in total in the USA?
  2. What are “sunshine laws” ?
  3. What are “sunset laws” operated  by many governments?

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