Эксперт по сдаче вступительных испытаний в ВУЗах
THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
The Russian Federation is the largest country in the world. It occupies about one-seventh of the earth’s surface. It covers the eastern part of Europe and the northern part of Asia. Its total area is about 17 million square kilometers. The country is washed by 12 seas of 3 oceans: the Pacific, the Arctic and the Atlantic. In the south Russia borders on China, Mongolia, Korea, Kazakhstan, Georgia and Azerbaijan. In the west it borders on Norway, Finland, the Baltic States, Byelorussia, and the Ukraine. It also has a sea border with the USA.
There is a great variety of scenery and vegetation in the country. There are two great plains in Russia: the Great Russian Plain and the West Siberian Lowland. There are several mountain chains on the territory of the country: the Urals, the Caucasus, the Altai and others. There are over two million rivers in Russia. Europe’s biggest river, the Volga flows into the Caspian Sea. The main Siberian rivers – the Ob, the Yenisei and the Lena flow from the south to the north. The Amur in the Far East flows into the Pacific Ocean.
Russia has one-sixth of the world’s forests. They are concentrated in the European north of the country, in Siberia and in the Far East.
On the vast territory of the country there are various types of climate, from arctic in the north to subtropical in the south. In the middle of the country the climate is temperate and continental.
Russia is very rich in oil, coal, iron ore, natural gas, copper, nickel and other mineral resources.
The Russian Federation is set up by the Constitution of 1993 after the collapse of the Soviet Union. According to the Constitution Russia is the Presidential Republic. The President is the Head of the State.
The Federal Government consists of the branches: legislative, executive and judicial. The legislative power is represented by the Federal Assembly. It consists of two chambers. The Upper Chamber is the Council of Federation; the Lower Chamber is the State Duma. The executive power belongs to the Government, which is headed by the Prime Minister. The Prime Minister forms the Cabinet. The judicial branch is represented by the Constitutional Court, the Supreme Court and regional courts.
The State Symbol of Russia is the three-coloured banner with three horizontal stripes: white, blue and red. A new national emblem is a two-headed eagle which is the most ancient symbol of Russia. Russian is the state language of the country.
The capital of Russia is Moscow. It is its largest political, industrial, scientific and cultural centre. It is one of the oldest Russian cities.
Words and the expressions to be learnt:
The Russian Federation – Российская Федерация
Europe – Европа
Asia – Азия
the Pacific Ocean – Тихий океан
the Arctic Ocean – Северный Ледовитый океан
the Atlantic Ocean – Атлантический океан
Georgia – Грузия
Azerbaijan – Азербайджан
Norway – Норвегия
Finland – Финляндия
the Baltic States – Прибалтийские государства
the Great Russian Plain – Восточно–Европейская равнина
the West Siberian Lowland – Западно–Сибирская низменность
the Urals – Уральские горы
the Caucasus – Кавказ
the Baltic Sea – Балтийское море
the Far East – Дальний Восток
surface – поверхность
total area – общая площадь
to border on – граничить с
sea-border – морская граница
variety – разнообразие
scenery – пейзаж, ландшафт
vegetation – растительность
plain – равнина
to separate – разделять
to flow into – впадать
to concentrate – сосредотачиваться
vast – обширный
various – различный
temperate – умеренный
coal – уголь
iron ore – железная руда
mineral resources – полезные ископаемые
Supreme Commander in chief – Верховный Главнокомандующий
legislative – законодательный
executive – исполнительный
judicial – судебный
Upper Chamber – Верхняя Палата
Lower Chamber – Нижняя Палата
Constitutional Court – Конституционный Суд
stripe – полоса
two-headed eagle – двуглавый орел
Questions:
1 Is the Russian Federation the largest country in the world?
2 What parts of the earth’s surface does Russia occupy?
3 What is the total area of the country?
4 What oceans wash the country?
5 What countries does the Russian Federation border on in the south and in the west?
6 What is the scenery of the country?
7 How many plains are there in Russia?
8 What mountain chains are there in the country?
9 How many rivers are there in Russia?
10 What mineral resources does Russia have?
11 What types of climate are there on the vast territory of the country?
12 When was the new Constitution of the Russian Federation adopted?
13 What is the Russian Federation State system according to the Constitution?
14 What is the structure of the Federal Government?
15 What chambers does the Federal Assembly consist of?
16 Whom does the executive power belong to?
17 What is the judicial branch of power represented by?
18 What is the national emblem of Russia?
19 What is the State language of the Russian Federation?
20 What is the capital of the Russian Federation?
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http://медуниверситет.рф
