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Валерия
Эксперт по сдаче вступительных испытаний в ВУЗах
The system of planned economy (Listen and read)
1. Listen carefully:
2. Read and translate the text:
Planned economies are sometimes called “command economies” because the state commands the use of resources (such as labor or factories) that are used to produce goods and services as it owns factories, land and natural resources. Planned economies are economies with a large amount of central planning and direction, when the government talks all the decisions, and decides on production and consumption. Planning of this kind is obviously very difficult, very complicated to do, and the result is that there is no society, which is completely a command economy.
A planned economy has a number of advantages:
* Everyone in society receives enough goods and services to enjoy a basic standard of living
* Nations do not waste resources duplicating products
* The state can use its control of the economy to divert resources to wherever it wants. As a result, it can ensure that everyone receives a good education, proper health care or that transport is available.
Several disadvantages also exist.
- There is no incentive for individuals to work hard in planned economies
- Any profits that are made are paid to the government
- Citizens cannot start their own businesses and so new ideas are rarely come forward
- As a result, industries in planned economies can be very inefficient. 3. Answer the following questions: 1. What is a planned economy? 2. What are the main features of a planned economy? 3. What are the advantages of a planned economy? 4. What are the disadvantages of a planned economy?
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