1) Разберите предложения по членам предложения. Определите, какими частями речи выражен каждый член предложения (выполните задание письменно на русском языке):
1) Many businesses lose money.
2) This is especially true of small businesses.
3) New businesses often fail because of factors their owners can’t control.
4) Indirect competition happens when alternative products compete.
5) If interest on one investment declines you can put your money into another investment that has a better return.
6) Unlike certificates of deposit, the interest you earn is not fixed.
7) The most the shareholders can lose is the money they originally spent buying shares.
2) Прочтите текст, подчеркните придаточные предложения, определите вид каждого придаточного предложения и переведите письменно на русский язык:
The shareholders of a company have limited liability. The most they can lose is the money they originally spent buying shares. Unlike sole traders and partners, shareholders cannot be forced to sell their personal possessions when the business cannot pay. That the shares merely become worthless doesn’t bring any doubt. The problem is what the price of the share is.
Companies are run by boards of directors. The board of directors decides how firms is run and must submit an annual report to the shareholders. At the annual meeting the shareholders can vote to sack the
directors, and each shareholders has as many votes as the number of shares owned.
3) Выберите и запишите предложения: 1) безличные 2) неопреде-лённо-личные, переведите их на русский язык:
1) It is important to collect all the information you need.
2) One must also know how large a printer is needed to print this number of books.
3) It is necessary to find the components of this product.
4) It has been assumed in the proceeding discussion that all the questions lie in the same place.
5) One should clearly understand that education is the most important part of social life.
6) It is noted that this article is the most interesting in this journal.
7) It may be possible to identify market segments and find the consumer of the product.
8) It may be necessary to build a new production line.
4) Напишите данные предложения в отрицательной и вопроси-тельной форме:
1) It is safe to invest money in this bank.
2) High interest rate can cause a slump in industry.
3) There are many factors that affect small business.
4) The bank required a clear financial plan.
5) The revenue will be high next year.
5) Поставьте вопросы к выделенным словам (письменно):
1) To start a new business you must make a good financial plan.
2) Bonds can be sold almost immediately.
3) Bonds may be purchased from banks or from brokers.
4) People start new businesses because they want to make money.
5) The directors of the company decided to pay dividends.
6) Образуйте Infinitive Passive от следующих глаголов:
To take, to ask, to read, to write, to invite, to invest, to drink, to eat, to smoke, to drive, to lend, to loose.
7) Прочтите текст, найдите предложения, в которых сказуемое выражено формами страдательного залога, и переведите их письменно на русский язык:
Although joint ventures have been used for decades as a way to organize a business in recent years they have been used much more widely. They have enjoyed such a surge of popularity, in fact, that more joint ventures have been announced since 1981 than in all previous years. Even U.S. multinations began to consider joint ventures when entering a new
business. Some observers predict that joint ventures are the wave of the future for reasons such as heightened global competition, increased risk and the fast pace of technological change.
Many joint ventures are not intended to fill standard business objectives (such as making profits). Instead, they were created to learn a technology, open a market and block a competitor.
8) Сравните образование и употребление видовременных форм глаголов действительного и страдательного залогов. Переведите предложения:
Active Voice
1) They usually close the shop at 8. They closed the shop at 8 yesterday.
They will close the shop at 8 tomorrow.
2) The students are translating the text now.
The students were translating the text
the whole lesson yesterday.
The students will be translating
the text the whole lesson tomorrow.
3) We have just written the test.
We had written the test before
the bell rang.
We shall have written the test
before the bell rings.
Passive Voice
1) The shop is usually closed at 8.
The shop was closed at 8 yesterday.
The shop will be closed at 8 tomorrow.
2) The text is being translated now.
The text was being translated by the students the whole lesson yesterday.
___
3) The test has just been written.
The test had been written before
the bell rang.
The test will have been written before the bell rings.
9) Переведите на английский язык:
1) Я приглашаю. – Меня приглашают.
2) Он присылает. – Ему присылают.
3) Она рассказывает. – Ей рассказывают.
4) Он вызывает. – Его вызывают.
5) Они сообщают. – Им сообщают.
6) Рабочий строит. – Дом строится.
7) Писатель пишет книгу. – Книга публикуется.
8) Студент выполняет упражнение. – Упражнение выполняется.
9) Брат помогает. – Брату помогают.
10) Профессор читает лекцию. – Профессора спрашивают.
11) Врач советует. – Им советуют.
10) Заполните пропуски активной или пассивной формой глагола, данного в скобках:
1) People … for their food and … for their work. (pay)
2) It is easy to … and unpleasant to … .(criticize)
3) Children … and … in the bathroom. (wash)
4) We can … a letter in pencil but an application must be … only in ink. (write)
5) We … soup with a spoon but meat … with a fork. (eat)
11) Дополните предложения глаголами, употребив их в форме Present Passive или Past Passive: blow, build, clean, damage, find, invent, make, pay, show, speak, steal:
1) The room ……………………. every day.
2) Two trees …………………….. down in the storm last night.
3) Paper …………………………. from wood.
4) There was a fire at the hotel last week. Two rooms ……………………. .
5) Many different languages ………………………………. in India.
6) These houses are very old. They ………………….. about 500 years ago.
7) Many American programmes …………………….. on British television.
8) “Is this a very old film?” “Yes, it ………………………… in 1949.”
9) My car ……………. last week. The next day it ………..….by the police.
10) The transistor …………………………. in 1948.
11) She has a very good job. She ……………………$ 3000 a month.
12) Переведите предложения на русский язык:
1) Many books are published in Russia.
2) The machines are tested by the police.
3) I am always driven to work by my neighbor.
4) The car is serviced in the garage down the road.
5) The car is polished once every three months.
6) Concrete is made of cement, sand, and gravel.
7) A picnic is arranged once a month by our club.
8) These gates aren’t painted every year.
9) I’m not invited to my uncle’s every weekend.
10) New coats aren’t bought every day.
ТЕМА: MY JOB (МОЯ РАБОТА)
Questions (Вопросы)
General information:
1. What’s your name?
2. What city (town, village) do you live and work in?
Your company (organization):
3. What organization (company) do you work for? (What’s the name of your company?)
4. What type of organization (company) is it?
5. What are they in?
6. Is your organization big or small? How many people work in it?
7. What is the organizational structure of the company?
Your position:
8. What is your position in the company?
9. What are your duties and responsibilities?
10. How long have you been with this organization?
A place where you work:
11. Do you work in an office (inside, outside)?
12. Where is it located? What type is it?
13. What have you got at your work place?
Your typical working day:
14. How many days a week do you work?
15. Do your working days differ much?
16. When do you get up?
17. How do you get to work?
18. How long does it take you to get to work?
19. When does your working day begin?
20. What exactly do you do during your work hours?
21. Do you have a lunch (dinner) break? What time?
22. What time do you finish work?
23. Do you have paid holidays? How often? How long are they?
Attitude to the job:
24. What do you like (don’t like) about your job?
25. Would you like to change it?
Speech Patterns (Речевые клише)
General information:
1. My name is … .
2. I live in… .
I live in …, but work in … .
Your company (organization):
3. I work for the … , called … .
4. It is a … .
I’m self-employed.
I own a company.
5. We are in … .
I’m in business.
6. The organisation (company, firm) is …
There are about ….. people in it.
7. The head of the company is the …
There are …. departments in our organization.
They are … .
Your position:
8. I work in … department.
I’m ….. .
33
9. I’m responsible for ….
My major task is … .
My duties are … .
10. I have been with this … for …. years (months) already.
A place where you work:
11. I work in the office (shop, etc.).
I work outside.
12. It is located in the centre of … (in … street, in the suburbs).
I work in an open plan office.
There are … people in the office besides me.
I’ve got a personal office.
I work at home.
13. On my work place I’ve got …
On my desk I’ve got …. .
Your typical working day:
14. I work … days a week.
15. My working days are usually the same.
My working days are different. Sometimes I …, sometimes I … .
16. I usually get up at … .
17. I (usually) get to work by… .
I usually drive to work.
My …. usually gives me a lift in … car.
18. It takes me … to get to work.
19. My typical working day begins at … o’clock.
20. During my working day (hours) I … .
21. At … o’clock I have a lunch-break.
I don’t have a lunch break.
22. I finish at … .
23. I have … days paid holiday … a year.
Attitude to the job:
24. I like (don’t like) my job, because it is … .
25. So, I’d like (I wouldn’t like) to change it.
Vocabulary (Лексика)
Type of organization – тип организации
company — компания
firm — фирма
bank — банк
institution – организация, институт
Form of ownership – форма собственности
sole proprietorship – индивидуальное частное предприятие
partnership – товарищество, партнерство, общество 34
corporation — корпорация
limited (unlimited) liability company – компания с ограниченной (неограниченной) ответственностью
joint-stock company – акционерное общество
private company – частная компания
state enterprise – государственное предприятие
municipal organization – муниципальная организация
public organization – общественная организация
Activities of a company – деятельность компании
manufacturing – производство
industry – промышленность
business – бизнес
commerce – коммерция
retailing – розничная торговля
wholesaling – оптовая торговля
consulting – консультативная деятельность
banking – банковское дело
finance – финансы
real estate – недвижимость
information technologies – информационные технологии
publishing – издательское дело
public services (education, medicine, transportation, utilities, etc.) – общественный сектор (образование, медицина, транспорт, коммуналь-ное хозяйство и т.д.)
Size of the company – размер компании
very big, quite big, not very big, quite small, very small
Positions – должности
director – директор
deputy (managing) director – замдиректора
president – президент
manager – менеджер, управляющий
head (of department) – начальник (отдела)
accountant – бухгалтер
cashier – кассир
lawyer – юрист, адвокат
shop assistant – продавец-консультант (в магазине)
seller – продавец, торговец
clerk – служащий
personnel officer – специалист отдела кадров
engineer – инженер
(leading) specialist – (ведущий) специалист
Departments – отделы
personnel – кадров 35
accounting – бухгалтерия
planning – плановый
production – производственный
marketing – маркетинга, сбыта
supplies – снабжения
Duties and responsibilities – обязанности и ответственность
to make decisions – принимать решения
to sign contracts – подписывать контракты
to negotiate deals – вести переговоры (о заключении сделок)
to strike deals – заключать сделки
to keep books – вести учет (вести бухгалтерские книги)
to keep records – вести записи
to work with customers (clients) – работать с клиентами
to buy supplies (raw materials) – закупать материалы, сырье
to deliver (goods, supplies) – доставлять (товары, материалы, сырье)
Objects on the work place – предметы на рабочем месте
desk – рабочий стол
lamp – лампа
file – папка
computer – компьютер
printer – принтер
scanner – сканнер
address book – адресная книга
telephone directory – телефонный справочник
Stationery – канцелярские принадлежности
pen – ручка
pencil – карандаш
pencil sharpener – точилка
ruler – линейка
eraser – стирательная резинка
scissors – ножницы
marker – маркер
corrector – корректор
glue – клей
sticky tape, scotch – липкая лента, скотч
Means of transport – средства транспорта
bus – автобус
bicycle – велосипед
car – машина
trolleybus – троллейбус
tram – трамвай
train – поезд
underground – метро 36
Times — время
a minute – минута
an hour – час
half an hour – полчаса
an hour and a half – полтора часа
Everyday activities – ежедневные занятия
to write (type) letters – писать (печатать) письма
to send orders – рассылать заказы
to calculate (salaries, taxes) – рассчитывать (зарплату, налоги)
to prepare financial statements, reports – готовить финансовые отчеты
to consult partners (clients) – консультироваться с партнерами (клиентами)
to talk on the telephone – разговаривать по телефону
to sell goods – продавать товары
to work with papers (documents) – работать с бумагами (документами)
Job — работа
interesting – интересная
creative – творческая
well-paid – хорошо оплачиваемая
easy – легкая
hard – тяжелая
difficult – трудная
boring – скучная
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