Контрольная работа по дисциплине «Английский язык», ВГУ ( vsu.ru)

КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА № 1 ВАРИАНТ № 1

1 Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на разные значения глаголов to be, to have и to do.

1 Does he study physics? 3 The students were in the laboratory. 3 The engineers had a good plan.

2 Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на безличные подлежащие it, there и one.

1 It was late and he finished his work. 2 There are many books on physics in our library. 3 One must study a lot to become a good specialist.

3 Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на степени сравнения прилагательных и наречий.

1 London is the largest city in Europe. 2 The climate in England is far better than the climate in Finland. 3 The more you practice English, the better you speak.

4 Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое, стоящее в Indefinite Active, и определите его время (Present, Past или Future). Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1 She often helps you with mathematics. 2 I took this book from the library last week. 3 They will return the books on Saturday.

5 Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1 Не may go to the theatre tonight. 2 They have to do their work well. 3 She can speak English well.

6 Письменно переведите следующий текст.

My University [1] There are many universities in Russia. The head of a university is Rector. There are several faculties in a university. Each faculty has many specialized departments and is headed by dean. The course of studies lasts five or six years. The academic year in this country’s higher schools begins on the 1st of September, lasts 9 months and is divided into two terms. Students take exams at the end of each semester. If the results of the examinations are good, students get state grants. [2] My University has several buildings, old and new ones. There is a very good library with some reading halls and a computer center in the main building. Every faculty has its own specialized laboratories, workshops and computer centers. The University has its own students’ hostels and a large excellent sport center. [3] Higher education trains highly-qualified specialists for further development and progress of the country. The students take two or three years of general and fundamental courses, then two or three years of specialized training in some fields of science and technology. In the first and second years a good foundation for professional knowledge is provided. [4] The first- and second-year students obtain thorough instructions in the fundamental sciences of mathematics, physics, chemistry and drawing as wecomputer engineering and a number of others. The curricula are enriched andbroadened by instructions in such subjects as foreign languages, history andeconomics. Twice a year students have vacations – two weeks in winter and twomonths in summer. [5] A very good tradition of our University is that theory is accompaniedby practical training. At the third year students get more advanced knowledgeand begin to concentrate on their special interests in their major subject and takemany courses in this subject. Specialized study and courses will help students tobecome specialists and prepare them for their future work.

КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА № 1 ВАРИАНТ № 2

1 Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на разные значения глаголов to be, to have и to do.

1 You don’t understand French. 2 The village was far away from the city. 3 The workers will have to test the device tomorrow.

2 Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на безличные подлежащие it, there и one.

1 It is necessary to finish this work in time. 2 There are different articles in this magazine. 3 One cannot translate this article without a dictionary.

3 Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на степени сравнения прилагательных и наречий.

1 One of the finest streets in London is Regent Street. 2 Winters are still colder than autumns. 3 The less you read, the less you learn.

4 Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое, стоящее в Indefinite Active, и определите его время (Present, Past или Future). Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1 He usually spends his holidays on the seaside. 2 I wanted to read this book in the original. 3 The students will discuss this film after classes.

5 Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1 You are allowed to take this dictionary. 2 The students must attend all the lectures. 3 Computers can perform different functions.

6 Письменно переведите следующий текст.

Higher Education in Russia [1] Higher education plays an important part in the life of any country as it provides the country with highly-qualified specialists for future development and progress. It trains people to become teachers, engineers, lawyers, doctors and other professional workers. After graduating from the university they may go on with their study and research and may get a still higher degree. Education is the way to success. [2] Education is a process through which culture is preserved, knowledge and skills are developed, values are formed, and information is exchanged. In all the industrial countries standards of living are steadily changing; this means that the kind of education, which was good enough thirty years ago, is not necessarily good for them today. [3] The serious need to find ways and means of ensuring continuous and thorough adoption of the universities to contemporary needs in our rapidly changing world is widely recognized. And this means that styles of teaching, quality of learning materials and organization of the university itself have to be continuously brought up to date and improved. [4] Besides, knowledge and information which comes through the mass media must also be taken into consideration. This information explosion has affected every field of study, especially, of course, in the natural and appliedsciences and in all other sciences as well. The increase of information requiresnew methods and new approaches to students’ training and instruction.[5] At present a new system of education is introduced in this country – adistance education system. This computer system of learning helps workingprofessionals to continue their education while remaining at their jobs. Thissystem enables people to get knowledge and a good foundation in the sciences basic to his or her field of study. Distance learning has developed over years from satellite video courses to modern videoconferencing through personal computers.

ВАРИАНТ № 3

Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на разные значения глаголов to be, to have и to do.

1.We do some exercises in written form. 2 The students were left in the laboratory. 3 The students will have two classes next Monday.

2 Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на безличные подлежащие it, there и one.

1 It is known that he is a good scientist. 2 There were no foreign delegations in our factory. 3 One must have good knowledge in general subjects.

3 Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на степени сравнения прилагательных и наречий.

1 We can find the biggest London shops in Regent Street. 2 This book is much more interesting than the film. 3 The more you travel, the more you see.

4 Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое, стоящее в Indefinite Active, и определите его время (Present, Past или Future). Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1 I know this subject very well. 2 He published his new article in an international journal. 3 We will go to the theatre next Sunday.

5 Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1 You will be allowed to use dictionaries at the examination. 2 A good specialist must know English. 3 This problem can be solved in a minute.

6 Письменно переведите следующий текст.

Testing Times [1] Exam stress doesn’t occur most strongly during the actual exams but in the few weeks just before them. The climax is usually the night before when last minute preparations confirm your worst fears. There are, however, some simple ways of dealing with the problem. [2] First, one must know that the night before is too late to do anything. Much better to go to a dance, for a walk, to the pictures or to play a game rather than increase stress by frantic efforts to plug in gaps in your knowledge. [3] The brain is a complex bio-electrical machine which, like a computer, can be overloaded. It does not work continuously. When you study, your brain reaches its maximum efficiency about five minutes you start work, stays at it for about ten minutes and then it is down. Indeed, after thirty minutes your attention wonders, your memory shuts off, and boredom sets in. For this reason, the best way to study is in half-hour sessions with gaps in between of about the same length. It even helps to change subjects and not keep at the same one since it reduces the boredom factor. [4] Study stress was experienced by Isaac Newton, the greatest mathematical genius, and by Einstein. Newton had a depression after his efforts on gravity. Einstein had no such difficulty: he would break off and go sailing or play violin – not very well, he said, but it was very comforting. [5] The lesson here is clear. To avoid exam stress, you have to tell that what you are doing is fun and the best way to do this is to treat revision as a game. If you stimulate your brain with short, snappy sessions, you will be surprised how quick and sharp you are. A laugh with friends or a walk through the country is really giving your mind the recreation it needs.

ВАРИАНТ № 4

1 Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на разные значения глаголов to be, to have и to do.

1 He writes letters to his friend, and she doesn’t. 2 The students were making experiments in the lab. 3 My friend has bought a good car.

2 Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на безличные подлежащие it, there и one.

1 It was necessary to test a new program. 2 There will be many interesting reports at the conference. 3 One can take any book from the library.

3 Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на степени сравнения прилагательных и наречий.

1 This is the most important problem in our work. 2 I live much farther from the University than you. 3 The later you start, the longer you stay here.

4 Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое, стоящее в Indefinite Active, и определите его время (Present, Past или Future). Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1 We use new materials in our research work. 2 He told me not to come late. 3 The professor will answer all the questions after the lecture.

5 Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1 It may take years to solve this problem. 2 You must learn hard. 3 Specialists are able to play chess with computers.

6 Письменно переведите следующий текст.

Higher Education in the USA [1] A high percentage of US students who graduate from high school continue their education in a two- or four-year college or university. US colleges and universities offer a wide variety of programs ranging from highly academic courses to very practical ones. Students can be educated not only for academic professions but also for technical professions, such as mechanics, medical technology, computer technology, and bookkeeping. [2] There is no national system of higher education in the United States. Higher education is given in colleges and universities. There are over 2100 various higher educational institutions, including colleges, technological institutes and universities. The average college course of study is 4 years. The academic year is usually 9 months or 2 semesters of four and a half months each. [3] Classes usually begin in September and end in June. Students choose a major subject and take many courses in this subject. After four years, they get a traditional Bachelor’s degree. Then the students may go on to graduate school and with a year or two of further study get a Master’s degree. [4] After another year or two of study and research, they may get a still higher degree as Doctor of Philosophy (Ph. D.). The student’s progress is evaluated by means of tests, term works and final examinations in each course. The student’s work is given a mark, usually on a five point scale. Letters indicate the level of achievement. «A» is the highest mark. «F» denotes a failure. [5] Most American colleges and universities charge for tuition. The methods of instruction in the universities are lectures, discussions, laboratory and course works and seminars. Most cities have colleges or universities that hold classes at night as well as in daytime. In this way people may work for a degree or just take a course in the subject that interests them.

КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА № 1 ВАРИАНТ № 5

1 Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на разные значения глаголов to be, to have и to do.

1 We write a test paper today, and they do. 2 My friend was to meet me after work. 3 The students have already passed their exams.

2 Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на безличные подлежащие it, there и one.

1 It took years to solve this problem. 2 There will be another way of carrying out this experiment. 3 One must pass the exams well to enter a university.

3 Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на степени сравнения прилагательных и наречий.

1 Summer is the hottest season in the year. 2 Is this dictation more difficult than the last one? 3 The more difficult the problem is, the harder we work.

4 Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое, стоящее в Indefinite Active, и определите его время (Present, Past или Future). Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1 The plant produces steel of high quality. 2 We took an English exam last June. 3 This method will give good results.

5 Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1 Robots may become our assistants in the future. 2 The experts had to study the problem carefully. 3 You can translate this text without a dictionary.

6 Письменно переведите следующий текст.

Higher Education in Great Britain [1] There are some 90 universities and 70 other higher education institutions in Great Britain: polytechnics and numerous colleges for more specialized needs, such as colleges of technology, technical colleges, colleges of arts and agricultural colleges in England and Wales. [2] They all provide a wide range of courses from lower-level technical and commercial courses through specialized courses of various kinds to advanced courses for those who want to get higher-level posts in commerce, industry and administration, or take up one of a variety of professions. Courses are a combination of lectures, seminars, tutorials and laboratory work. [3] Study in courses may be full-time and part-time. Full-time education includes sandwich courses in which periods of full-time study (for example, six months) alternate with full-time practical work and training in industry. Full- time and sandwich courses now are an important part of higher education in England and Wales. [4] A degree is an academic qualification awarded at most universities and colleges upon completion of a higher educational course (a first degree) or a piece of research (higher degrees). If students pass their final exam at the end of a three-year course, they get their first degree. [5] Students with a first degree become Bachelors of Arts or Science, and can put B.A. or B.Sc. after their names. If they want to go a step further and become Master of Arts or Science, they have to write an original paper, or thesis, on some subject based on a short period of research, usually soon after graduation. If students wish to become academics and perhaps teach in a university, then they will work for a higher degree, a Doctor of Philosophy – a Ph.D. For this they will have to carry out some important research work.

КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА № 2 ВАРИАНТ № 1

1 Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое, стоящее в Indefinite Passive, и определите его время (Present, Past или Future). Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на особенности перевода пассивных конструкций.

1 Moscow was founded in 1147 2 The students are given many home tasks. 3 This film will be shown next week.

2 Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое, стоящее в Continuous, и определите его временную форму (Present, Past или Future) и залог (Active или Passive).

Переведите предложения на русский язык. 1 Many new houses are being built in our district at present. 2 He was making an experiment at 3 o’clock yesterday. 3 They will be taking a test from 10 till 12 tomorrow.

3 Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое, стоящее в Perfect, и определите его временную форму (Present, Past или Future) и залог (Active или Passive).

Переведите предложения на русский язык. 1 I have been to England two times. 2 They will have finished their experiment by the end of the next week. 3 Our factory had been reconstructed by 2010

4 Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог.

Переведите предложения на русский язык. 1 The students will attend this lecture next week. 2 We are given a new job. 3 The experiment had been carried out by then.

5 Перепишите следующие сложные предложения; подчеркните глаголы-сказуемые в главном и придаточном предложениях; определите их видовременную форму и залог.

Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на согласование времен. 1 I know that they are working in the lab. 2 Не said that they had come the previous week. 3 They told us that they would be at home the whole day.

6 Письменно переведите следующий текст.

Saint Petersburg [1] After Moscow St. Petersburg is the second largest and one of the most important cities in Russia. It is also one of the greatest business and cultural centres. St. Petersburg was founded in 1703 by Peter the Great, the man of good intelligence and character. It was built on the outskirts of Russia, in the delta of the river Neva that flows into the Gulf of Finland thereby giving the country an outlet to Europe. Russia became a naval state. The city began as a fortress and a port. [2] In 1712 the new city, named St. Petersburg, became the capital of Russia and the whole country began to take part in its development. The fame of the northern capital continued to grow. It received the poetic name «Northern Palmire». [3] In 1914, St. Petersburg renamed Petrograd and then, ten years later it was called Leningrad. During the Second World War Leningrad was besieged. The blockade lasted for nearly 900 days. The enemy wanted to bring the city to its knees, but failed. The people stood firm. Our glorious army lifted the blockade and the city was freed. Dmitry Shostakovich, the great composer, gave the first concert in 1944 when the blockade was still on. [4] In 1993 Leningrad was renamed St. Petersburg again. St. Petersburg can be proud of its wonderful places of interest, its museums and theatres, monuments and squares, gardens and bridges. There are about 530 bridges and the main waterway to the city is the Neva River. [5] At present the city has eighty-nine theatres; among them are the famous Mariinsky Opera and Ballet House. One should remember the State Hermitage which is the richest treasure-house of the world culture, and the Russian Museum housing pictures by Russian artists.

ВАРИАНТ № 2

1 Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое, стоящее в Indefinite Passive, и определите его время (Present, Past или Future). Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на особенности перевода пассивных конструкций.

1 Complex devices are used in every laboratory. 2 All the processes were made by automatic machinery. 3 The experiment will be completed tomorrow.

2 Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое, стоящее в Continuous, и определите его временную форму (Present, Past или Future) и залог (Active или Passive).

Переведите предложения на русский язык. 1 The students were listening to the text for 10 minutes at the last lesson. 2 Many schools are being built all over the country. 3 They will be having practical training for 2 weeks next term.

3 Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое, стоящее в Perfect, и определите его временную форму (Present, Past или Future) и залог (Active или Passive).

Переведите предложения на русский язык. 1 This work has been done this week. 2 Peter and Ann had translated the article before the end of the lesson. 3 They will have built this new school by the first of September.

4 Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог.

Переведите предложения на русский язык. 1 This newspaper was read by our students. 2 They are making an interesting experiment now. 3 She will have brought you the book by tomorrow.

5 Перепишите следующие сложные предложения; подчеркните глаголы сказуемые в главном и придаточном предложениях; определите их видовременную форму и залог.

Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на согласование времен. 1 I knew that he had seen this film. 2 He says that he lives in this district. 3 He told them that his sister was studying in the library.

6 Письменно переведите следующий текст.

Russia [1] The total area of Russia is a little more than 17 million square kilometres. The population is about 150 million people. The capital of Russia is Moscow. The greater part of the territory of Russia is vast plains with low mountain ranges and long rivers. The Urals divide Russia into the European and Asian parts. [2] The Volga and the Ural are the longest rivers in the European part of the country. The longest rivers in the Asian part are the Ob, the Yenisei and the Lena which flow into the Arctic Ocean. The world’s largest inland sea is the Caspian. Lake Baikal is the world’s deepest lake. Our country is very rich in mineral resources; especially it is rich in gas, oil and forests which are exported to different countries on a large scale. [3] As Russia is a very large country, its climate is very different. However, we can say that it is mainly continental. The Arctic Ocean influences the weather on a great territory of the country. In some parts of our country winter lasts as long as six months. The European part of Russia is in the temperate zone with warm or hot summers and rather mild winters. [4] From an agricultural country our country has become a highly developed industrial and agricultural state. Heavy industry has been created. There have appeared such new branches of industry as aviation, machine- building, chemical, automobile and many others. A number of hydroelectric power stations have been constructed as well. [5] It is to be noted that the first atomic power station in the world began operating in Obninsk near Moscow in 1954; the first atomic ice-breaker in the world was also built in Russia. For a number of years our country played a leading role in the field of space exploration. In 1957, the first artificial satellite in the world was launched in Russia. The first space flight was carried out by Yury Gagarin in 1961.

ВАРИАНТ № 3

1 Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое, стоящее в Indefinite Passive, и определите его время (Present, Past или Future). Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на особенности перевода пассивных конструкций.

1 In future new sources of energy will be developed. 2 The film was shown last week. 3 We are taught English.

2 Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое, стоящее в Continuous, и определите его временную форму (Present, Past или Future) и залог (Active или Passive).

Переведите предложения на русский язык. 1 We will be translating an English article for 2 hours tomorrow. 2 They are making an interesting experiment. 3 This museum was being built for two years.

3 Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое, стоящее в Perfect, и определите его временную форму (Present, Past или Future) и залог (Active или Passive).

Переведите предложения на русский язык. 1 We will have met again before the conference. 2 These exhibits have been seen by our students today. 3 The translation had been done before lunch.

4 Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог.

Переведите предложения на русский язык. 1 The best engineers are working at this problem. 2 This factory had been built in our town before the 1940s. 3 My friend will go to Moscow next summer.

5 Перепишите следующие сложные предложения; подчеркните глаголы сказуемые в главном и придаточном предложениях; определите их видовременную форму и залог.

Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на согласование времен. 1 She knows that you will come to see her to night. 2 I knew that they were waiting for me at the theatre. 3 The instructor said that we had done the job well.

6 Письменно переведите следующий текст.

Moscow [1] Moscow is the capital of Russia, its administrative, economic, political and educational centre. It is one of Russia’s major cities with the population of about 9 million people. Its total area is about 900 thousand square kilometres. The city was founded by Prince Yuri Dolgoruky and was first mentioned in the chronicles in 1147 At that time it was a small frontier settlement. By the 15th century Moscow had grown into a wealthy city. [2] In the 16th century, under Ivan the Terrible, Moscow became the capital of the state of Muscovy. In the 18th century Peter the Great transferred the capital to St. Petersburg, but Moscow remained the heart of Russia. That is why it became the main target of Napoleon’s attack in 1812 During the war of 1812 three quarters of the city were destroyed by fire, but by the middle of the 19th century Moscow was completely rebuilt. [3] The present-day Moscow is the seat of the government of the Russian Federation. President of Russia lives and works here; government offices are located here, too. Moscow is a major industrial city. Its leading industries are engineering, chemical and light industries. Moscow is also a city of science and learning. There are over 80 higher education institutions in the city, including a number of universities. [4] Moscow is known for its many historical buildings, museums and art galleries, as well as for the famous Bolshoi, Maly and Art theatres. There are more than 80 museums in Moscow, among them the unique Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts and the State Tretyakov Gallery, the Andrey Rublyov Museum of Early Russian Art and many others. [5] Moscow is also famous for its beautiful old cathedrals, churches and monasteries. Some of them date from the 15th to the 17th centuries. Before the revolution of 1917 Moscow had 350 churches, some of them have been reconstructed.

ВАРИАНТ № 4

1 Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое, стоящее в Indefinite Passive, и определите его время (Present, Past или Future). Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на особенности перевода пассивных конструкций. 1 This museum is visited by a great number of people. 2 The first Russian University was founded by Lomonosov. 3 This writer will be spoken much about. 2 Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое, стоящее в Continuous, и определите его временную форму (Present, Past или Future) и залог (Active или Passive). Переведите предложения на русский язык. 1 He is making an experiment now. 2 The experiment was being done the whole day yesterday. 3 My brother will be taking a test at 2 o’clock tomorrow. 3 Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое, стоящее в Perfect, и определите его временную форму (Present, Past или Future) и залог (Active или Passive). Переведите предложения на русский язык. 1 Our research had been finished by the end of the year. 2 By the beginning of the year their new office will have been built. 3 We have just received your letter. 4 Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык. 1 I had done my work by 6 o’clock yesterday. 2 This experiment is being done right now. 3 I will write my report tomorrow. 5 Перепишите следующие сложные предложения; подчеркните глаголы-сказуемые в главном и придаточном предложениях; определите их видовременную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на согласование времен. 1 I was sure that she was working in the library then. 2 He says that he works at a plant. 3 I knew that my brother would get the tickets to the match. 6 Письменно переведите следующий текст. Moscow’s Places of Interest [1] Moscow is noted for its art museums. The most popular of them are the Tretyakov Gallery and the Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts. The Tretyakov Gallery houses a unique collection of Russian painters. Almost all famous Russian painters are represented there. The Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts contains a vast collection of antiquities and a well-known collection of modern foreign painters including Impressionists. [2] The oldest part of Moscow is the Kremlin. This is the main tourist attraction in Moscow. The Kremlin stands at the heart of the city. The word «Kremlin» means «fortress» and the Moscow Kremlin used to be a fortress. In 1156 a small settlement of Moscow was surrounded by a wooden wall, and became the Kremlin. [3] The town and the Kremlin were burnt in 1237 and 1293 during the Tatar invasion, but they were rebuilt. In 1367 Prince Dmitry Donskoy built a white-stone wall around the Kremlin. In the 15th century, by order of grand duke Ivan III the Kremlin was surrounded by a new red-brick wall. Twenty towers of the Kremlin wall were constructed in the end of the 17th century. [4] The towers were built for decoration and had no military significance. Five of the towers were gates. The Spasskaya Tower is the symbol of Russia and Moscow. It has a famous clock; one can hear its chimes on the radio. The clock which we can see today was installed in the middle of the 19th century. [5] The buildings inside the Kremlin wall were built between the 15th and the 17th centuries. There are the Bell Tower of Ivan the Great and a famous group of churches. The Assumption Cathedral is the largest one. It was built in 1479; Russian tsars and emperors were crowned there. In the Archangel Cathedral one can see tombs of Moscow princes and tsars. Annunciation Cathedral was built in 1484 It is noted for its frescoes by Andrei Rublyov and his pupils. ВАРИАНТ № 5 1 Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое, стоящее в Indefinite Passive, и определите его время (Present, Past или Future). Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на особенности перевода пассивных конструкций. 1 A number of new exhibits will be demonstrated next week. 2 We are given a new task at every English lesson. 3 The student was answered all the questions. 2 Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое, стоящее в Continuous, и определите его временную форму (Present, Past или Future) и залог (Active или Passive). Переведите предложения на русский язык. 1 The plan was being discussed for 3 hours last Monday. 2 We will be taking an exam from 2 till 4 tomorrow. 3 We are translating the English text now. 3 Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое, стоящее в Perfect, и определите его временную форму (Present, Past или Future) и залог (Active или Passive). Переведите предложения на русский язык. 1 My friends had visited a new factory by the end of the last month. 2 She has read this book recently. 3 The article will have been written by Sunday. 4 Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык. 1 He will have translated this article by tomorrow. 2 Our laboratory was equipped last month. 3 They are preparing for the exam in the reading-hall now. 5 Перепишите следующие сложные предложения; подчеркните глаголы-сказуемые в главном и придаточном предложениях; определите их видовременную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на согласование времен. 1 The scientists thought that they would finish the research in a week. 2 Nobody knew that the experiment had already been done. 3 She says that she has lectures every day. 6 Письменно переведите следующий текст. The Kremlin [1] The heart of the city is the Kremlin. It was built in the shape of a triangle on the elevated left bank of the Moskva river, near the mouth of its tributary, the Neglinnaya river, which in 1829 was confined in a conduit. [2] The Kremlin is surrounded by a high wall of 2 1/2 km long, built by the Russian builders by order of Ivan III (1462-1505), and supervised by the Italian architects. The twenty towers on the Kremlin wall, which give it a unique aspect, were built for decoration and have no military significance. They were constructed in the latter part of the seventeenth century when Moscow had ceased to be a fortress. [3] Among the ancient buildings in the Kremlin are the churches and tall bell tower built in 1600 by Russian architects under Boris Godunov and known as the Bell Tower of Ivan the Great. The largest cathedral, the Uspenski (Assumption) was built in 1475-1479 by the ingenious Aristotle Fioravante. There are some very fine old frescoes, some of which were restored in 1920- 1921 It was here that the Russian tsars and emperors were crowned. [4] Among other historical monuments in the Kremlin are the Tsar Cannon (sixteenth century) and the Tsar Bell (eighteenth century), both of enormous size and made by Russian masters. In a large two-storied wing of the Palace is the Armoury and a museum of applied art where imperial collections of utensils, furniture, weapon and garments of eastern and western workmanship are on display. [5] In the northeastern section of the Kremlin is a beautiful building of classic design built by the most famous Russian architect of the eighteenth century, M. Kazakov. In the square opposite this building is the former Arsenal. Along its facade one can see numerous cannons captured by the Russian army from Napoleon in 1812-1814.