Самостоятельная работа по дисциплине «Английский язык» для ОрГМУ

МОДУЛЬ 6   PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION IN GREAT BRITAIN. ANNOTATION: VOLTAREN НЕЛИЧНАЯ ФОРМА ГЛАГОЛА: ПРИЧАСТИЯ   Теоретическая часть  Ознакомьтесь с теоретическим  грамматическим материалом. Будьте готовы ответить на  вопросы.   Причастие – неличная форма глагола, в которой сочетаются признаки прилагательного, наречия и глагола.  Причастие обозначает признак предмета, указывающий на действие или состояние предмета. В английском языке существует два вида  причастий: Participle I – причастие настоящего времени и Participle II – причастие прошедшего времени. Participle I может иметь простую и сложную формы.   Формы причастий  

	Participle I		Participle II
	Active	Passive
Indefinite	preparing translating	being prepared being translated	prepared translated
Perfect	having prepared having translated	having been prepared having  been translated	—

  Participle I (ing — form) Причастие настоящего времени. Функции.

• Определение (какой?)

Healing wounds seldom bleed. — Заживающие раны редко кровоточат. The blood coming from the lungs is rich in oxygen. — Кровь, поступающая из легких, богата кислородом. Переводят причастием на – ащ, ящ, ущ, ющ.

• Обстоятельство (как, когда, почему?)

Examining the patient the doctor diagnosed pneumonia.- Осматривая пациента, врач поставил диагноз «пневмония» He felt the pulse looking at his watch. — Он считал пульс, глядя на часы. Переводят деепричастием  на – а, я. NB! Перед причастием в функции обстоятельства может стоять союз “when”(while). When (while) reading papers I usually make notes. — Когда я читаю статьи, я обычно делаю пометки. 3) Часть сказуемого (образует форму Continuous): The doctor is examining the child now .- Врач сейчас осматривает ребенка.                                         Формы причастия (в роли обстоятельства)

	Active	Passive
Simple	operating оперируя	being operated Когда оперировали или оперируют
Perfect	having operated прооперировав	having been operated После того как прооперировали

Knowing English he was able to speak well.-  Зная английский, он мог говорить хорошо. Being examined by the doctor, little children usually cry. — Маленькие дети обычно плачут, когда их осматривает врач. Having examined the woman, the doctor sent her to the hospital.- Осмотрев женщину, врач направил её в больницу. Having been helped in time, he recovered soon.-  Он вскоре поправился, так как ему помогли вовремя. Participle II (V₃)  Причастие прошедшего времени (III форма неправильного глагола – taken, written; III форма правильного глагола – V₁ + (e)d )

• Определение (какой?)

The increased blood pressure. — Повышенное давление крови. The operation made in time saved the patient’s life.- Операция, сделанная вовремя, спасла жизнь пациента. Переводят причастием на – енный, тый, мый. 2) обстоятельства (когда? почему? как?) The child cried when examined. — Ребенок плакал, когда его осматривали. Переводят придаточным предложением. 3) Часть сказуемого

1. a) Passive voice (to be + V₃)

The mixture  was prepared.  — Микстуру готовили (приготовили).

1. b) Perfect tense (to have + V₃ )

The pharmacist has just prepared the mixture. – Фармацевт только что приготовил микстуру.   Независимый причастный оборот Состоит из причастия и стоящего перед ним существительного или местоимения в именительном падеже. Отделяется от главной части запятой. а) В начале предложения оборот переводится придаточным предложением с союзами «так как», «когда», « после того как», «хотя», «если». My sister feeling bad, I sent for the doctor.- Так как моя сестра чувствовала себя плохо, я вызвал врача. б) В конце предложения оборот переводится самостоятельным предложением с союзами «a», «u», «но», «причем», «при этом». The woman was in a bad condition, her blood pressure being high. — Женщина была в тяжелом состоянии, при этом её давление было высоким.   Практическая часть модуля 6   Задание 1. Ответьте на поставленные вопросы:

1. Что такое причастие. Дайте определение.
2. Назовите грамматические особенности Participle I.
3. Назовите грамматические особенности Participle II.

  Задание 2. Form Present and Past Participles of the given verbs. Translate them. Join,  receive,  carry,  lead,  remove,  produce,  use,  work,  make,  start,  begin,  know,  translate,  write,  read. Задание 3. Translate the sentences into Russian. Define the function of the participle.

1. The man living next door is the professor of our Academy. 2. Living in the hostel we always help each other with our homework. 3. He is reading a book now. 4. Reading much every day he learns a lot of new words. 5. People travelling much know many interesting stories. 6. Travelling all over the world, the scientist visited many interesting places and collected important material. 7. She was writing a report the whole day yesterday.

Задание 4. Read and translate the sentences. Make them interrogative. Pay attention to the participle.

1. English is becoming a universal language on our planet. 2. We were writing our test paper from ten till half past eleven yesterday.3. He is still taking his digitalis. 4. These two substances are interacting with each other quickly. 5. These students will be obtaining pure hydrogen. 6. Students are describing the properties of bacteria now. 7. Tomorrow at 9 o’clock we shall be taking our exam in organic chemistry.

Задание 5. Read and translate the sentences. Pay attention to the form and function of the participles.

1. Received portion of the blood is pumped through the blood vessels. 2. The chief function of the skeletal muscles and their associated structures is to move the man. 3. Special substances are required by cells. 4. Cellular wastes are carried away by the bloodstream. 5. The urine is discharged through the urethra. 6. Regulatory substances produced by the glands are called hormones. 7. Oxygen entered the bloodstream can remove carbon dioxide.

  Задание 6. Read and learn the words.

to obtain a degree  –  получать степень to gain experience – приобретать опыт pharmaceutical formulation  – препарат drug development  –  разработка лекарственных средств applied – прикладной

malignant diseases – злокачественные заболевания to provide with  –  предоставлять, обеспечивать wide range – широкий диапазон to rely theory to practice  –  применять теорию на практике

Задание 7. Read and translate the text. PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION IN GREAT BRITAIN In order to register as a pharmacist in the UK a person must obtain a degree in pharmacy that is recognized by the Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain (RPSGB). This is followed by a pre-registration year in appropriate employment to prepare a person for registration examination that completes the training. But to become a student an applicant has to pass A-level (typical offer). Chemistry is required together with one other science subject from mathematics, biology, physics. There is a four year plan for the students of pharmacy. The Master of Pharmacy degree includes an ambitious program of clinical placements from year 1. This will allow students to gain experience in:

• The Profession of Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice
• Transferable skills (business skills, that can be used in different jobs or different situations)
• Pharmaceutical Analysis and Quality Control
• Pharmaceutical Mathematics
• Life Sciences Chemistry (subjects that involved the study of people, animals or plants).
• Physical Biochemistry
• Cells and Life Molecules
• Life Process and Genetics
• Introduction to Pharmaceutical Formulation
• Patients, Diseases and Medicines

The 2^nd year provides students with:

• Human Physiology
• Drug Design and Mechanisms of Drug Action
• Pharmaceutical Technology
• Medicinal Chemistry Labs
• Pharmaceutical Microbiology
• Peripheral Nervous System and Synaptic Pharmacology
• Endocrinology

The 3^rd year includes:

• Drug Development
• Pharmacy Law, Ethics and Professional Obligations
• Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics
• Cardiovascular Diseases
• Immunology, Respiratory and Infectious Diseases and Skin
• Health Economics
• The Central Nervous System
• Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Disorders

At the 4^th year the students study:

• Applied Clinical Pharmacy
• Malignant Diseases and Gene Therapy
• Research Projects
• Pharmacy Electives – to be taken from a list of options

The MPharm course has been specially developed to meet the needs of Pharmacist in practice. The curriculum will allow the students to gain experience in:

• Community Pharmacy
• Primary Care Trust Prescribing Adviser
• Acute Hospital Specialties
• Private and Prison Hospital Pharmacies
• Pharmaceutical Manufactures
• Mental Health Hospital Pharmacy
• Medicine Information Centre.

All these will provide students with a wide range of experience which will help them in their future career choices and in relying theory on practice. Tasks:

1. Read aloud these word combinations and be ready to translate them.

To register as a pharmacist, to obtain degree in pharmacy, the Royal  Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain, to complete the training, transferable skills, professional obligation, applied pharmacy, to receive university education.

1. Complete the following sentences. Translate them into Russian.

1. A person must obtain a degree in pharmacy …
2. This is followed by a pre-registration year in …
3. But to become a student an applicant has to …
4. Chemistry is required …
5. The MPharm degree includes …
6. The Pharm course has been specially developed …
7. All these will provide students with …

• Find the odd word out.

1.	a) pharmacist	b) pharmacy	c) doctor	d) pharmaceutical
2.	a) Russian	b) mathematics	c) biology	d) physics
3.	a) medicinal	b) pharmaceutical	c) physical	d) technology
4.	a) cell	b) nervous	c) molecule	d) biochemistry
5.	a) introduction	b) nutrition	c) profession	d) chemistry

1. Define the function of the predicate. Translate the sentences.
   1. He was the first to use this method in practice.
   2. You must continue the work in this field of medicine.
   3. The surgeon performed an urgent operation to save the patient’s life.
   4. To administer corticosteroids was unavoidable in this case.
   5. The dose to be taken is usually indicated on a signature or a label.
   6. The purpose of this book is to inform the practicing pharmaceutists.
   7. Investigators try to find out new preparations for heart diseases.
2. Translate the sentences. Define the functions of Participles.
3. Medicines are exported to many countries.
4. Knowing English well he translated the article himself.
5. A series of experiments and studies in rats are done every year.
6. Aristotle began a scientific study of plants and animals classifying more than five hundred types on basis of body structure.
7. The experiment carried out yesterday was very useful.
8. I am learning this rule in chemistry at that moment.
9. Biochemistry is the science dealing with the chemistry of living tissue.
10. Write an essay, considering the peculiarities of the pharmaceutical education in Great Britain. Compare it with the pharmaceutical education in Russia.

  Задание 8. Read and translate the annotation. VOLTAREN Обратите внимание на следующие слова для более точного понимания текстов – аннотаций к лекарственным средствам: presentation – описание, представление composition – состав indications –  показания (к применению) dosage – дозировка contraindications – противопоказания precautions – меры предосторожности side effects – побочные явления unwanted effect – нежелательный эффект during prolonged treatment – во время длительного лечения in isolated cases – в отдельных случаях inflammatory –  воспалительный   Presentation – Diclofenac sodium: tablets of 25 mg; sustained-release tablets of 100 mg; suppositories of 15 mg; ampoules of 75mg/3 ml.

Indications – Inflammatory and degenerative forms of rheumatism. Acute musculo-skeletal disorders. Аcute gout. Post-traumatic and post operative inflammations and swelling. Painful and inflammatory conditions in gynecology, e.g. dysmenorrhoea. Renal and biliary colics (ampoules).  As an adjuvant in severe inflammatory infections in otorhinolaryngology. (Fever alone is not an indication).

Dosage – Depending on the indication 75-150 mg pro die. Ampoules: 1 or at the most 2 per day as initial or acute therapy. Contraindications – Peptic ulcer, known hypersensitivity to the active substance, acetylsalicylic acid, or other prostaglandin-synthetase inhibiting drugs.  Known hypersensitivity to sodium metabisulfite or other excipients. Proctitis (suppositories). Precautions – Symptoms of gastro-intestinal disease, impaired hepatic, cardiac or renal function. Pregnancy, porphyria. Cautious use in elderly. Patients on anticoagulants or antidiabetics. During prolonged treatment periodic monitoring of liver function should be carried out and blood counts are recommended. Side effects – Occasional gastro-intestinal disorders, headache, dizziness or vertigo, rash.  Rare: peptic ulcer, gastro-intestinal bleedings, hepatitis, hypersensitivity reactions. In isolated cases: disturbances of sensation, erythema multiforme, purpura, abnormalities of renal function, blood dyscrasias.   Задание 1. Опираясь на знание латинской медицинской терминологии, объясните значение выражений и слов, подчеркнутых в тексте. Задание 2. Найдите названия симптомов и заболеваний, данные в первоначальной латинской форме.