ВАРИАНТ 6
I. Прочтите и переведите следующие слова одного корня, обращая
внимание на способы образования различных частей речи.
effect — effective — effectively
to prevent — preventive — prevention — preventing — prevented
to inspect — inspection — inspector — inspecting — inspected
to know — knowledge — knowing — knew — known — unknown
to accept — acceptance — accepting — acceptable — accepted
II. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст, обращая внимание на
перевод следующих слов и словосочетаний:
provide a great contribution — внести значительный вклад
on one’s (his, her) own — самостоятельно
carry out — осуществлять
routine — обычный, рутинный (по заведенному порядку)
recognize — распознать
remove — устранить, удалить
regard — относиться, рассматривать, считать
repairing — ремонт
regardless — невзирая на, не считаясь с
rather than — а не
remain — оставаться
shift — смена
emergency call — сигнал аварии
unquestioning — полный, абсолютный, без вопросов
acceptance of orders — принятие приказов
combined with — в сочетании с
capacity — способность
principles — основы
a wide range of subjects — широкий ряд предметов
overcome — преодолевать
sympathy — сочувствие, симпатия
victim — жертва
Text
Every fireman provides a great contribution to the fire prevention role of his
brigade. On his own or as a member of a crew he carries out routine inspections. His
duty is, firstly, to recognize and report the presence of hazardous substances and unsafe
structures and, secondly, to recommend how to make these structures safe. Besides, he
has to have a good knowledge of legislation. When on duty, a fireman must be able to
test equipment carried on appliances (including a breathing apparatus). He has to
recognize defects and try to remove them. That’s why he must be a skilled technician
who is able to use modern equipment, methods and techniques to carry out both
repairing and fire fighting, rescue and other emergencies.
A fireman must regard his occupation as duty rather than work. He must be
prepared to remain on duty after the end of his shift in case of emergency. He has to
respond at high speed to emergency calls regardless of weather conditions or the time of
day or night.
To function effectively in such extremely dangerous situations every fireman
must possess very important personal characteristics, such as courage, general physical
strength, an unquestioning acceptance of orders at emergencies combined with the
capacity of initiative when he acts on his own, the practical understanding of the
principles of a wide range of subjects which will help him to overcome hazards and, at
last, sympathy towards the victims of emergencies.
III. Подберите пары синонимов.
occupation
legislation
crew
rescue
possess
routine
prepared
danger
skilled
brigade
have
hazard
law
profession
ready
experienced
saving
usual
IV. Подберите пары антонимов.
include
knowledge
presence
safe
absence
hazardous
exclude
ignorance
V. Дайте письменно подробные ответы на следующие вопросы.
1. What subjects is it necessary to know for a person who enters the fire
service?
2. What must a fireman be able to do when he is on duty?
3. Why must a fireman be a skilled technician?
4. How must a fireman regard his occupation?
5. How does a good fireman have to respond to emergency calls?
6. What personal characteristics should a fire fighter possess?
VI. На основе данной в тексте информации о профилактической роли
пожарного закончите следующие предложения. Переведите их на русский
язык.
be able to test equipment carried on appliances; skilled; to recognize and report
the presence of hazardous substances and unsafe structures; routine inspections;
important personal characteristics; to recommend how to make these structures safe; to
recognize defects and try to remove them.
1. Doing fire prevention work a fireman carries out … .
2. His duty is, firstly, … and, secondly, … .
3. When on duty, a fireman should … .
4. His task is … .
5. To do this effectively he must be a … technician.
6. To function effectively in extremely dangerous situations every fireman must
possess … .
КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА № 1
ВАРИАНТ 7
I. Прочтите и переведите следующие слова одного корня, обращая
внимание на способы образования различных частей речи.
reduce — reduction — reducing — reduced
to extinguish — extinguishable — extinguishment — extinguisher —
extinguishing — extinguished
effect — effective — effectively — ineffective
to conduct — conduct — conductor — conducting — non-conducting
II. При чтении текста обратите внимание на перевод следующих слов и
словосочетаний. Письменно переведите текст на русский язык.
wood — древесина
cloth — ткань
paper — бумага
rubber — резина
cool — охлаждать
oil — нефть
grease — жир; смазка
paint — краска
smother — тушить пожар прекращением доступа кислорода к пламени
blanket — тушить пожар нанесением покрытия (пенного слоя)
energize — включать ток, создавать электрическое поле
wiring — электропроводка
conduct — проводить (электричество, тепло)
circuit — цепь
treat — обращаться с чем-либо
sodium — натрий
potassium — калий
Text
Classification of Fires
There are four basic classes of fires.
Class A fires are fires involving ordinary combustible materials, such as wood,
cloth, paper, rubber and many plastics.
Water is used in a cooling effect to reduce the temperature of the burning material
below its ignition point.
Class B fires are fires involving flammable liquids, such as gasoline, oil, grease,
oil-based paint, lacquer, and flammable gases.
The smothering or blanketing effect of oxygen reduction is most effective here.
Other extinguishing methods include removal of fuel and temperature reduction.
Class C fires involve energized electrical equipment including appliances,
machinery, wiring, etc.
These fires can sometimes be extinguished by a non-conducting extinguishing
agent. The safest way is to de-energize high-voltage circuits and then treat as Class A or
B fires.
Class D fires are fires involving combustible metals, such as magnesium,
titanium, sodium, potassium.
The extremely high temperature of some burning metals makes water and other
common extinguishing agents ineffective. In this case, special extinguishing agents are
used which are marked specifically for each of the metals.
III. Подберите пары синонимов.
include
common
ignition
flammable
to reduce
put out
combustible
combustion
extinguish
main
involve
ordinary
basic to lessen
IV. Подберите пары антонимов.
include
cool
to energize
safe
low-voltage
To de-energize
hazardous
high-voltage
exclude
warm
V. Дайте письменно подробные ответы на следующие вопросы.
1. What combustibles do Class A fires involve?
2. Why is water the best extinguishing agent for Class A fires?
3. Which methods are effective to extinguish Class B fires?
4. How can electrical fires be extinguished?
5. What is the safest way to extinguish Class C fires?
6. What combustible materials do Class D fires involve?
7. Are water and other common extinguishing agents effective for extinguishing
Class D fires?
8. How are special extinguishing agents for combustible metals identified
VI. На основе данной в тексте информации о профилактической роли
пожарного закончите следующие предложения. Переведите их на русский
язык.
non-conducting extinguishing agent; extremely high temperature; smothering and
blanketing; combustible metals; ineffective; reduce the temperature; certain conditions.
1. Class B fires are fires involving … .
2. The … effect of oxygen reduction is most effective in Class A fires.
3. In Class A fires water is usually used to … of the burning material.
4. Class D fires are extinguished by a … .
5. Under … Class C fires may be treated as Class B fires.
6. The … of some burning metals makes water and other common extinguishing
agents … .
КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА № 1
ВАРИАНТ 8
I. Прочтите и переведите следующие слова одного корня, обращая
внимание на способы образования различных частей речи.
to reduce — reduction — reducing — reduced
effect — effective — effectively — ineffective — effectiveness
to detect — detector — detection — detecting — detected — detective
sense — sensor — sensitive — sensitivity
to extinguish — extinguishment — extinguisher — extinguishing — extinguished
II. При чтении текста обратите внимание на перевод следующих слов и
словосочетаний. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст на русский
язык.
alarm system — система пожарной сигнализации
alert — предупреждать об опасности; вызывать (пожарную службу)
cause — вызывать, являться причиной
data — данные
equip — оборудовать
extinguish — тушить
fire fighting measures — меры пожарной безопасности
from throughout the world — со всего мира
hazardous — опасный
heat-sensitive device — теплочувствительный прибор, теплоприемник
release — выпускать
smoke detector — дымовой пожароизвещатель
spray of water — распыленная водяная струя
sprinkler — спринклер, разбрызгиватель
take measures — принимать меры
water damage — повреждение водой
Text
To reduce the hazardous effects of fire the most basic mechanism is an alarm
system, which warns people to leave a building at once, alerts the fire department, and
identifies the location of a fire within a structure. Besides fire alarms, there are many
automatic devices that can detect the presence of fire. They include heat-sensitive
devices, which are activated if a specific temperature is reached, and smoke detectors,
which sense changes caused by the presence of smoke.
Many public buildings are equipped with automatic sprinkler systems, which
release a spray of water on an affected area if a fire is detected. The effectiveness of
these systems has been proved in data accumulated from throughout the world: in
buildings protected by this equipment the sprinkler system could extinguish fires in 65
percent of the cases and contain fires, until other fire fighting measures could be taken,
in 32 percent of the cases. A major problem with sprinkler systems is the potential for
water damage. But this threat is considered to be minimal in comparison with the
damage caused by a fire.
III. Подберите пары синонимов.
to reduce
basic
location of a fire
building
affected area
to detect
to warn
to extinguish
seat of fire
structure
to identify
to cut down
main
to put out
zone covered by a fire
to prevent a hazard
IV. Подберите пары антонимов.
hazardous
include
absence of smoke
to enter
presence of smoke
to leave
effective
ineffective
safe
exclude
V. Дайте письменно подробные ответы на следующие вопросы.
1. What is the most basic mechanism to reduce the hazardous effects of fire?
2. What are the main functions of an alarm system?
3. When are heat-sensitive devices activated?
4. What do smoke detectors do?
5. How do automatic sprinkler systems work if a fire is detected?
6. What data prove the effectiveness of automatic sprinkler systems?
7. What is a major problem with sprinkler systems?
VI. На основе данной в тексте информации о профилактической роли
пожарного закончите следующие предложения. Переведите их на русский
язык.
Smoke detectors; the potential for water damage; extinguish; a spray of water; a
specific temperature is reached; an alarm system; contain.
1. … warns people of a fire and alerts the fire department.
2. Heat sensitive devices are activated if … .
3. Devices which sense changes caused by the presence of smoke are … .
4. Sprinkler systems release … on an affected area.
5. A sprinkler system can … and …fires.
6. The main problem with sprinkler systems is … .
КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА № 1
ВАРИАНТ 9
I. Прочтите и переведите следующие слова одного корня, обращая
внимание на способы образования различных частей речи.
to apply — application — appliance — applied — applying
effect — effective — effectively — ineffective — effectiveness
to install — installer — installation — installing — installed
to perform — performance — performing — performed
to extinguish — extinguishment — extinguisher — extinguishing — extinguished
II. При чтении текста обратите внимание на перевод следующих слов и
словосочетаний. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст на русский
язык.
proper — правильный, надлежащий
create — создавать
provide — обеспечивать
perform a task — выполнить задачу
because of — из-за
available — доступный, имеющийся в наличии
extinguishing medium (media) — огнетушащее средство (средства)
apply — применять
hose reel — рукавная катушка
hose line — рукавная линия
fixed installation — стационарная установка пожаротушения
foam concentrate — пенообразователь
mixture — смесь
suit — подходить, соответствовать
density — плотность
water content — влагосодержание
carbon dioxide — двуокись углерода
nitrogen — азот
revert — возвращаться (в прежнее состояние)
sodium bicarbonate — бикарбонат натрия (двууглекислый натрий)
potassium bicarbonate — бикарбонат калия
potassium chloride — хлорид калия
violently — сильно, бурно
dry powder — порошковое огнетушащее вещество
molten — расплавленный
Text
The classification of the involved fuel and the proper mechanism of
extinguishment create a criterion for extinguishing agent selection because each fuel
type has its own reaction to different agents.
Class A combustibles are normally best extinguished by an agent that provides
cooling. Water is the best agent to perform this task. Because of its availability and
cheapness, water is the best extinguishing medium. Its effectiveness lies in its cooling
power and, besides, it can be applied in various ways from hand extinguishers, hand
pumps, hose reels and hose lines to fixed installations.
For Class B combustibles foams, which are a mechanical mixture of foam
concentrate, water and air, are well suited because of their light density, high water
content and blanketing tendencies. Also a Class B fuel may be extinguished by inert
gases like carbon dioxide or nitrogen which provide a smothering effect. Inert gases are
available both in small hand extinguishers and fixed installations.
Class C combustibles are actually Class A or B fuels which are energized. While
they are energized, they cannot be effectively attacked with any agent that is a
conductor of electricity. When the fuel is de-energized, it reverts to its normal
characteristics. Usually the best agent for attack on Class B fires is a gas. Sometimes
dry powders such as sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate and potassium chloride
are used in extinguishing this class of fire.
Class D combustibles are extremely difficult to extinguish. The agents best
suited for attack on them do not react violently with the material, they are used to
blanket the molten mass. In these types of fire dry powders are widely used.
III. Подберите пары синонимов.
proper
selection
to attack
revert
violent
to blanket
to apply
mixture
return
furious
necessary
to use
choice
combination
to cover
to combat
IV. Подберите пары антонимов.
cooling
available
de-energize
involved
uninvolved
energize
heating
unavailable
V. Дайте письменно подробные ответы на следующие вопросы.
1. Where does the effectiveness of water lie?
2. What effect do inert gases provide?
3. Where are inert gases available?
4. What are foams a mixture of?
5. Are Class C combustibles very easy to extinguish?
6. What are main characteristics of foams?
7. Why are dry powders widely used in Class D fires?
VI. На основе данной в тексте информации о профилактической роли
пожарного закончите следующие предложения. Переведите их на русский
язык.
dry powders; foams; agents that provide cooling; gas; dry powders; a smothering
effect; foam concentrate, water and air; high water content and blanketing tendencies;
inert gases; water; light density.
1. Class A combustibles are best extinguished by … .
2. Class B fires are effectively attacked with … or … .
3. For Class C combustibles … or … are well suited.
4. Foams are a mechanical mixture of … .
5. Foams are well suited because of their … .
6. … is the best agent to provide cooling.
7. Carbon dioxide and nitrogen provide … .
КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА № 1
ВАРИАНТ 10
I. Прочтите и письменно переведите следующие слова одного корня,
обращая внимание на способы образования различных частей речи.
to define — definition — defining — defined
combustion — combustible — combustibility
to remove — removal — removing — removed
to combine — combination — combining — combined
to compose — composition — composing — composed
to require — requirement — requiring — required
II. При чтении текста обратите внимание на перевод следующих слов и
словосочетаний. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст на русский
язык.
сombustion — горение, возгорание
combustible — горючее, топливо; горючий, воспламеняющийся
oxygen — кислород
carbon — углерод
carbon monoxide — окись углерода, угарный газ
carbon dioxide — двуокись углерода
solid — твердое тело; твердый
liquid — жидкость; жидкий
decomposition — разложение, распад
readily — легко, охотно
release — освобождать, выпускать
by-product — побочный продукт
compound — соединение
“matter in motion” — материя в движении
cause — вызывать, причинять
triangle — треугольник
suggest — наводить на мысль, внушать
sufficient — достаточный
removal — устранение, удаление
cease — прекращать(ся)
Text
Combustion Process
There are many ways of defining the well-known but chemically complex process
called fire. Fire, or combustion, may be defined as a rapid chemical reaction in which
oxygen combines readily with a substance. If substances burn in air they are called
combustibles. Combustible substances exist as solids, liquids and gases. The
decomposition of a fuel by oxygen releases light and heat. Other by-products of the
chemical reaction are smoke (unburnt fuel and carbon) and new chemical compounds
such as carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and water.
In other words, fire requires three basic ingredients. First, there must be oxygen
which combines with the fuel. Second, there must be something which combines with
oxygen and burns. This is the combustible – the fuel. The third ingredient is heat. Heat
is a form of energy that may be described as a condition of “matter in motion” caused
by the movement of molecules. When a body is heated the speed of the molecules
increases, and thus the temperature also rises.
These three components – fuel, heat and oxygen – form a fire triangle, the stable
geometric form of which suggests that combustion will continue as long as these three
factors are present and sufficient to continue the reaction. Removal of one of them leads
to the collapse of the triangle and combustion ceases.
III. Подберите пары синонимов.
fire
fuel
ingredient
to rise
component
to increase
to go on
to stop
basic
well-known
rapid
quick
combustion
main
famous
to cease
combustible
to continue
IV. Подберите пары антонимов.
composition
to be present
burnt
construction
to cease
to continue
collapse
decomposition
to be absent
unburnt
V. Дайте письменно подробные ответы на следующие вопросы.
1. What requirements are necessary for combustion?
2. In what form do combustible substances exist?
3. What by-products are released as a result of the decomposition of fuel?
4. How may heat be described?
5. What happens to a body when it is heated?
6. What components form a fire triangle?
7. What does the stable geometric form of a fire triangle suggest?
8. What can lead to the collapse of the fire triangle?
VI. Заполните пропуски, используя активную лексику урока, данную
ниже. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
Solids; liquids; gases; sufficient; light; heat; fuel; oxygen; substances; smoke;
combustibles; form of energy; new chemical compounds; cease; “matter in motion”; the
fire triangle.
1. The combustion is defined as a rapid chemical reaction between … .
2. Substances burning in air are called … which exist as … .
3. Heat is a … that may be described as a condition of … caused by the movement
of molecules.
4. By-products of the process of combustion are … .
5. The combustion process is often illustrated in the form of the fire triangle which
has three components: … .
6. Combustion … if one of the components is not … to continue the reaction.
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